Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Selected Basic Flows and Forces
- Part I Collision of Liquid Jets and Drops with a Dry Solid Wall
- 3 Jet Impact onto a Solid Wall
- 4 Drop Impact onto a Dry Solid Wall
- 5 Drop Impact onto Dry Surfaces with Complex Morphology
- Part II Drop Impacts onto Liquid Surfaces
- Part III Spray Formation and Impact onto Surfaces
- Part IV Collisions of Solid Bodies with Liquid
- Part V Solid–Solid Collisions
- Index
- References
4 - Drop Impact onto a Dry Solid Wall
from Part I - Collision of Liquid Jets and Drops with a Dry Solid Wall
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 July 2017
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Selected Basic Flows and Forces
- Part I Collision of Liquid Jets and Drops with a Dry Solid Wall
- 3 Jet Impact onto a Solid Wall
- 4 Drop Impact onto a Dry Solid Wall
- 5 Drop Impact onto Dry Surfaces with Complex Morphology
- Part II Drop Impacts onto Liquid Surfaces
- Part III Spray Formation and Impact onto Surfaces
- Part IV Collisions of Solid Bodies with Liquid
- Part V Solid–Solid Collisions
- Index
- References
Summary
Drop spreading after an impact onto a dry rigid wall is covered in Sections 4.1 to 4.4 taking into account the inertial and viscous effects, and liquid compressibility as well as geometric and thermal effects, for example associated with phase transition. In addition, the rim dynamics is considered in Section 4.5. The effect of the target curvature on drop spreading as well as surface encapsulation are dealt with in Section 4.6. Different scenarios accompanying drop impacts onto rigid walls are described in Section 4.7. The effect of the reduced gas pressure on drop impact is outlined in Section 4.8. Nonisothermal drop impacts are discussed in Section 4.9. This is extended to solidification and icing accompanying drop impact in Section 4.10.
Drop impact onto a dry wall is an important element of various industrial processes; among them are spray cooling, cleaning, coating, wetting and ink-jet printing. Also, naturally occurring impacts can be of interest, for instance raindrop impacts are studied due to their relevance to soil detachment and erosion (Abuku et al. 2009, Imeson et al. 1981) and plant disease spreading. In Guigon et al. (2008) first steps have been made towards harvesting of the energy of raindrop impacts by transforming it to electricity using a piezoelectric system. Other examples include the impact of high-speed drops leading to the erosion of turbine blades (Li et al. 2008, Zhou et al. 2008) or to the deformation and fraction of rocks (Momber 2004). On the latter, also see Section 1.1 in Chapter 1.
The phenomena associated with drop impacts have fascinated many researchers over the years. Recent advances in the theoretical modeling, the appearance of user-friendly, high-speed visualization systems and improvement of numerical methods for simulations of interfacial flows allow the elucidation of the drop impact and spreading on the wall in great detail. Drop impact is also a convenient model process to systematically investigate other physical phenomena, such as the nature of the dynamic contact angle: e.g., in Bayer and Megaridis (2006) contact line dynamics was studied and results explained in terms of hydrodynamic wetting theory and the molecular-kinetic theory of wetting.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Collision Phenomena in Liquids and Solids , pp. 100 - 154Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2017
References
, , and (2009). Impact, absorption and evaporation of raindrops on building facades, Build. Environ.
44: 113–124.Google Scholar
, and (2007). An energy balance approach of the dynamics of drop impact on a solid surface, Phys. Fluids
19: 012101.Google Scholar
, and (2007). Investigations on the impact of a drop onto a small spherical target, Phys. Fluids
19: 032102.Google Scholar
(2000). An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press.
and (2006). Contact angle dynamics in droplets impacting on flat surfaces with different wetting characteristics, J.Fluid Mech.
558: 415–449.Google Scholar
and (1993). Splat-quench solidification: estimating the maximum spreading of a droplet impacting a solid surface, J. Mater. Sci.
28: 963–970.Google Scholar
(1961). Film-boiling heat transfer from a horizontal surface, J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME
83: 351–356.Google Scholar
and (2004). A Leidenfrost point model for impinging droplets and sprays, J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME
126: 272–278.Google Scholar
(2015). An impact regime map for water drops impacting on heated surfaces, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transf.
85: 430–437.Google Scholar
and (2005). Controlling secondary atomization during drop impact on hot surfaces by polymer additives, Phys. Fluids
17: 108104.Google Scholar
, , , and (2006). On the elasticity of an inertial liquid shock, J. Fluid Mech.
554: 47–66.Google Scholar
, and (2009). Inclined to splash: triggering and inhibiting a splash with tangential velocity, New J. Phys.
11: 063017.Google Scholar
, , and (2014). Effect of wettability on sessile drop freezing: when superhydrophobicity stimulates an extreme freezing delay, Langmuir
30: 1659–1668.Google Scholar
and (1982). Impact of an evaporating drop on a heated wall, J. Eng. Phys. Thermophys.
43: 1362–1369.Google Scholar
, , , , and (2014). Characterization of super liquid-repellent surfaces, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci.
19: 343–354.Google Scholar
, , and (2006). Visualization of the impact of water drops on a hot surface: effect of drop velocity and surface inclination, Heat Mass Transf.
42: 885–890.Google Scholar
and (1991). On the collision of a droplet with a solid surface, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A-Math.
432: 13–41.Google Scholar
(1977). Dynamic spreading of drops impacting onto a solid surface, Ind. Eng. Chem., Process Des. Dev.
16: 192–197.Google Scholar
(2009). FPGA boards and systems boost UAV payload compute density, COTS J. J. Military Electron. Comput
2: 1–2.Google Scholar
and (2005). Experiment on the dynamics of a compound drop impinging on a hot surface, Phys. Fluids
17: 122103.Google Scholar
, , and (2004). Maximal deformation of an impacting drop, J. Fluid Mech.
517: 199–208.Google Scholar
, and (2005). Secondary atomisation produced by single drop vertical impacts onto heated surfaces, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci.
29: 937–946.Google Scholar
, , , , and (2013). Numerical investigation of drop impact onto hot surfaces, in
(ed.), Proc. ILASS Europe 2013, 25th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 1–4 September 2013, Chania, Greece.
, and (2010). Thickness of the rim of an expanding lamella near the splash threshold, Phys. Fluids
22: 022104.Google Scholar
and (2009). Rupture of thin films formed during droplet impact, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A-Math., 466: 1229–1245.Google Scholar
, and (2010). Thin film formation during splashing of viscous liquids, Phys. Rev. E
82: 036302.Google Scholar
, , and (2010). Drop dynamics after impact on a solid wall: theory and simulations, Phys. Fluids
22: 062101.Google Scholar
, and (2014). Thermal Spray Fundamentals – From Powder to Part, Springer, New York.
(1975). The water drop rebound problem: dynamics of collision, J. Atmos. Sci.
32: 390–402.Google Scholar
, , , , , and (1995). Wetting effects on the spreading of a liquid droplet colliding with a flat surface: Experiment and modeling, Phys. Fluids
7: 236–247.Google Scholar
and (2006). 3-d modeling of the dynamics and heat transfer characteristics of subcooled droplet impact on a surface with film boiling, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
49: 4231–4249.Google Scholar
, and (1966). The Leidenfrost phenomenon: Film boiling of liquid droplets on a flat plate, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
9: 1167–1188.Google Scholar
, , and (2008). Harvesting raindrop energy: experimental study, Smart Mater. Struct.
17: 015039.Google Scholar
, and (2007). Morphological instability and cancer invasion: a “splashing water drop” analogy, Theor. Biol. Med. Model.
4: 1–6.Google Scholar
, , and (2003). Shock wave formation in droplet impact on a rigid surface: lateral liquid motion and multiple wave structure in the contact line region, J. Fluid Mech.
490: 1–14.Google Scholar
(2010). Ice Physics, Oxford University Press.
, and (1981). The measurement of water-drop impact forces with a piezo-electric transducer, Catena
8: 83–96.Google Scholar
and (2000). Experimental investigation of interaction processes between droplets and hot walls, Phys. Fluids
12: 785–796.Google Scholar
(2005). Impact of drops on a water-covered sand bed: erosion, entrainement and pattern formation, Europhys. Lett.
71: 400–406.Google Scholar
(2009). UAVs embrace the benefits of direct spray cooling, COTS J. J. Military Electron. Comput
2: 5–6.Google Scholar
(1993). Hydrodynamics of wetting, in
(ed.), Wettability, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp. 311–429.
and (1996). An experiment on the breakup of impinging droplets on a hot surface, Exp. Fluids
21: 118–123.Google Scholar
and (1984). Experimental study of heat transfer between a hot wall and impinging drops, J. Eng. Phys.
47: 1400–1406.Google Scholar
(1756). De aquae Communis Nonnullis Qualitatibus Tractatus, University of Duisburg.
(1966). On the fixation of water in diverse fire, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
9: 1153–1166.Google Scholar
and (1971). Splashing of water drops on solid and wetted surfaces: hydrodynamics and charge separation, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math.
269: 555–585.Google Scholar
, and (2015). Influence of solidification on the impact of supercooled water drops onto cold surfaces, Exp. Fluids
56: 1–13.Google Scholar
, , , , and (2008). Liquid drop impact on solid surface with application to water drop erosion on turbine blades, part i: Nonlinear wave model and solution of one-dimensional impact, Int. J. Mech. Sci.
50: 1526–1542.Google Scholar
, , , , , , , and (2006). Self-propelled Leidenfrost droplets, Phys. Rev. Lett.
96: 154502.Google Scholar
(1966). Mechanics of Liquids and Gases, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
, and (2010). Events before droplet splashing on a solid surface, J. Fluid Mech.
647: 163–185.Google Scholar
and (2002). On the collision dynamics of a water droplet containing an additive on a heated solid surface, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A-Math.
458: 2417–2444.Google Scholar
, , and (2011). Drop collisions with simple and complex surfaces, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci.
16: 292–302.Google Scholar
and (2006). Boiling during high-velocity impact of water droplets on a hot stainless steel surface, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A-Math.
462: 3115–3131.Google Scholar
, , , and (2005). Drop impact on chemically structured arrays, J. Phys. Condens. Matter
17: S595–S605.Google Scholar
(2004). Deformation and fracture of rocks due to high-speed liquid impingement, Int. J. Fracture
130: 683–704.Google Scholar
, , and (2009). Early post-impact time dynamics of viscous drops onto a solid dry surface, Phys. Fluids
21: 032101.Google Scholar
, and (2010). Advances and challenges in explaining fuel spray impingement: how much of single droplet impact research is useful?, Prog. Energ. Combust. Sci.
36: 554–580.Google Scholar
and (2007). Investigations of drop impact on dry walls with a lattice- Boltzmann model, J. Colloid Interface Sci.
312: 341–354.Google Scholar
, and (1995). Droplet-wall collisions: experimental studies of the deformation and breakup process, Int. J. Multiph. Flow
21: 151–173.Google Scholar
and (1996). Leidenfrost temperature on an extremely smooth surface, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci.
12: 373–379.Google Scholar
, and (2005). 3D fine scale ceramic components formed by ink-jet prototyping process, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc.
25: 2055–2059.Google Scholar
and (2004). Study on propagative collapse of a vapor film in film boiling (mechanism of vapor-film collapse at wall temperature above the thermodynamic limit of liquid superheat), Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
47: 1965–1977.Google Scholar
, and (1991). A simple correlation for the minimum film boiling temperature, J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME
113: 263–264.Google Scholar
, , , and (2013). Experimental study of splashing patterns and the splashing/deposition threshold in drop impacts onto dry smooth solid surfaces, Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci.
44: 571–582.Google Scholar
, and (2010). Breakup of a droplet at high velocity impacting a solid surface, Exp. Fluids
48: 143–156.Google Scholar
, , and (1996). Capillary effects during droplet impact on a solid surface, Phys. Fluids
8: 650–659.Google Scholar
, , and (2014). The crystallization of sub-cooled water: measuring the front velocity and mushy zone composition via thermal imaging, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
77: 940–945.Google Scholar
, and (2008). Splashing on elastic membranes: the importance of early-time dynamics, Phys. Fluids
20: 082103.Google Scholar
and (1998). Influence of surface roughness on liquid drop impact, J. Colloid Interf. Sci.
203: 16–30.Google Scholar
and (2008). The role of air entrainment on the outcome of drop impact on a solid surface, Acta Mech.
201: 105–118.Google Scholar
, ed. (2002). Drop-Surface Interactions, Springer, Wien.
, , , , , and (2010). 3D printing based on imaging data: review of medical applications, Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg.
5: 335–341.Google Scholar
, and (2001). Outcomes from a drop impact on solid surfaces, Atom. Sprays
11: 155–165.Google Scholar
, and (2002). Time evolution of liquid drop impact onto solid, dry surfaces, Exp. Fluids
33: 112–124.Google Scholar
(2009). Inertia dominated drop collisions. II. An analytical solution of the Navier– Stokes equations for a spreading viscous film, Phys. Fluids
21: 052104.Google Scholar
(2010). Fast forced liquid film spreading on a substrate: flow, heat transfer and phase transition, J. Fluid Mech.
656: 189–204.Google Scholar
, and (2009). Inertia dominated drop collisions. I. On the universal flow in the lamella, Phys. Fluids
21: 052103.Google Scholar
, and (2015). Drop splashing induced by target roughness and porosity: the size plays no role, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci.
222: 615–621.Google Scholar
, and (2002). Normal impact of a liquid drop on a dry surface: model for spreading and receding, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A-Math.
458: 1411–1430.Google Scholar
and (2002). Impact of a drop onto a wetted wall: description of crown formation and propagation, J. Fluid Mech.
472: 373–397.Google Scholar
, , and (2015). Impact of aqueous suspension drops onto non-wettable porous membranes: Hydrodynamic focusing and penetration of nanoparticles, Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng.
467: 31–45.Google Scholar
, , , and (2003).Morphology diagram of nonequilibrium patterns of ice crystals growing in supercooled water, Physica A
319: 65–79.
, , , and (2005). Dynamic contact angle of spreading droplets: experiments and simulations, Phys. Fluids
17: 062103.Google Scholar
, and (2014). Comparison of splashing in high-and lowviscosity liquids, Phys. Rev. E
89: 063006.Google Scholar
and (1977). The physical products of a splashing water drop, J. Met. Soc. Japan
55: 518–531.Google Scholar
and (1981). An experimental investigation of fluid flow resulting from the impact of a water drop with an unyielding dry surface, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A-Math.
373: 419–441.Google Scholar
, and (2007). Experimental tests of dropwise cooling on infrared-transparent media, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci.
31: 857–865.Google Scholar
(1959). The dynamics of thin sheets of fluid II. Waves on fluid sheets, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A-Math.
253: 296–312.Google Scholar
and (1986). Influence of pressure on the Leidenfrost temperature and on extracted heat fluxes in the transient mode and low pressure, J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME
108: 916–921.Google Scholar
, , and (2011). Droplet splashing by a slingshot mechanism, Phys. Rev. Lett.
106: 034501.Google Scholar
and (2011). Equations of Mathematical Physics, Dover Publications, New York.
(1863). Heat as a Mode of Motion, D. Appleton and Company, New York.
and (2005). On the maximum spreading diameter of impacting droplets on well-prepared solid surfaces, Langmuir
21: 666–673.Google Scholar
, and (2006). Droplets splashing upon films of the same fluid of various depths, Exp. Fluids
40: 33–52.Google Scholar
, , , , and (2015). Dynamics of high-speed micro-drop impact: numerical simulations and experiments at frame-to-frame times below 100 ns, Soft Matter
11: 1708–1722.Google Scholar
and (1999). Single drop impact onto liquid films: neck distortion, jetting, tiny bubble entrainment, and crown formation, J. Fluid Mech.
385: 229–254.Google Scholar
(1876). On the form assumed by drops of liquids falling vertically on a horizontal plate, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A-Math.
25: 261–271.Google Scholar
and (1988). The dynamics and Leidenfrost temperature of drops impacting on a hot surface at small angles, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci.
1: 363–371.Google Scholar
and (1978). An investigation of the minimum film boiling temperature on horizontal surfaces, J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME
100: 260–267.Google Scholar
(1993). Free Liquid Jets and Films: Hydrodynamics and Rheology, Longman and John Wiley & Sons, Harlow and New York.
(2006). Drop impact dynamics: splashing, spreading, receding, bouncing …
, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
38: 159–192.Google Scholar
and (1995). Impact of drops on solid surfaces: self-similar capillary waves, and splashing as a new type of kinematic discontinuity, J. Fluid Mech.
283: 141–173.Google Scholar
, , and (2012). Splashing from drop impact into a deep pool: multiplicity of jets and the failure of conventional scaling, J. Fluid Mech.
703: 402–413.Google Scholar
, , , , and (2008). Liquid drop impact on solid surface with application to water drop erosion on turbine blades, part ii: Axisymmetric solution and erosion analysis, Int. J. Mech. Sci.
50: 1543–1558.Google Scholar
- 1
- Cited by