Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T18:10:45.806Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prediction of Outcome in Anxiety States and Depressive Illnesses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

T. A. Kerr ,
Martin Roth  and
Kurt Schapira
T. A. Kerr
Affiliation:
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP
Martin Roth
Affiliation:
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP
Kurt Schapira
Affiliation:
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In a number of previous papers in this series (Roth et al., 1972; Gurney et al., 1972; Kerr et al., 1972; Schapira et al., 1972) evidence was adduced to suggest that depressive illnesses and anxiety states could be clinically differentiated from one another. It was shown also that with the aid of appropriate statistical techniques patients exhibiting these disorders could be separated into two distinct groups with relatively little overlap. The possibility that these findings were due to diagnostic preconceptions or other forms of bias was excluded by the results of follow-up studies conducted over an average period of 3.8 years in which the outcome of the entire patient population was evaluated by independent observers. The clinical picture found was consistent over the period of observation, with little diagnostic interchange between the groups. Moreover, the outcome of the depressions was significantly better than that of the anxiety states, and this provided external and independent validation of the view that the groups initially separated with the aid of clinical observation were indeed distinct from one another.

Type
Research Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 124 , Issue 579 , February 1974 , pp. 125 - 133
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1974 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Astrup, C., Fossum, A., and Holmboe, R. (1959). ‘A follow-up study of 270 patients with acute affective psychoses.’ Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Scandinavica, Supplement 135.Google Scholar
Bratfos, O., and Haug, J. O. (1968). ‘The course of manic-depressive psychosis.’ Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 44, 89–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carney, M. W. P., Roth, M. and Garside, R. F. (1965). ‘The diagnosis of depressive syndromes and the prediction of ETC response.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 111, 659–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dorzab, J., Baker, M., Winokur, G., and Cadoret, R. J. (1971). ‘Depressive disease: clinical course.’ Diseases of the Nervous System, 32, 269–74.Google ScholarPubMed
Eitinger, L. (1955). ‘Studies in neuroses.’ Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Scandinavica, Supplement 101.Google Scholar
Fahy, T. J. (1969). The Phenomenology of Depression in Hospital and in the Community. Unpublished M.D. Thesis. Dublin: National University of Ireland.Google Scholar
Garside, R. F., and Kerr, T. A. Unpublished observation.Google Scholar
Greer, S. (1969). ‘The prognosis of anxiety states’, in Studies of Anxiety (ed. Lader, M. H.).Google Scholar
Greer, S. and Cawley, R. H. (1966). Some Observations on the Natural History of Neurotic Illness. Archdall Medical Monograph No. 3. Sydney: Australasian Medical Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Gurney, C., Roth, M., Garside, R. F., Kerr, T. A., and Schapira, K. (1972). ‘Studies in the classification of affective disorders: The relationship between anxiety states and depressive illnesses—II.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 162–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, M. (1960). ‘A rating scale for depression.’ Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 23, 56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harris, A. H. (1938). ‘The prognosis of anxiety states.’ British Medical Journal, ii, 649–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kay, D. W. K. (1962). ‘Outcome and cause of death in mental disorders of old age: a long-term follow-up of functional and organic psychoses.’ Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 38, 249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kay, D. W. K. and Bergmann, K. (1966). ‘Physical disability and mental health.’ Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 10, 3–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kay, D. W. K., Garside, R. F., Roy, J. R., and Beamish, P. (1969). “‘Endogenous” and “neurotic” syndromes of depression: a 5- to 7-year follow-up of 104 cases.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 115, 389–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kerr, T. A., Schapira, K., Roth, M., and Garside, R. F. (1970). ‘The relationship between the Maudsley Personality Inventory and the course of affective disorders.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 116, 11–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kerr, T. A., Roth, M., Schapira, K., and Gurney, C. (1972). ‘The assessment and prediction of outcome in affective disorders.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 167–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraepelin, E. (1921). Manic-depressive Insanity and Paranoia. Trans, by Barclay, R. M. Edinburgh: Livingstone.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, A. J. (1966). In Price's Textbook of the Practice of Medicine (ed. Scott, Bodley). London.Google Scholar
Little, J. C. (1969). ‘Physical prowess and neurosis.’ Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 45, 187–97.Google Scholar
Lundquist, G. (1945). ‘Prognosis and course in manic-depressive psychoses.’ Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica (Kbh.). Supplement 35.Google Scholar
Miles, H. H. W., Barrabee, E. L., and Finesinger, J. E. (1951). ‘Evaluation of psychotherapy with a follow-up study of 62 cases of anxiety neurosis.’ Psychosomatic Medicine, 13, 83–105.Google ScholarPubMed
Noreik, K. (1970). ‘A follow-up examination of neuroses.’ Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 46, 81–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olsen, T. (1961). ‘Follow-up study of manic-depressive patients whose first attack occurred before the age of 19.’ Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Supplement 162.Google Scholar
Poort, R. (1945). ‘Catamnestic investigations on manic-depressive psychoses with special reference to prognosis.’ Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica (Kbh.), 20, 59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raskin, M., Rondestvedt, J. W., and Johnson, G. (1972). ‘Anxiety in young adults: a prognostic study.’ Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 154, 229–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rennte, T. A. C. (1942). ‘Prognosis in manic-depressive psychoses.’ American Journal of Psychiatry, 98, 801–14.Google Scholar
Roth, M., and Harper, M. A. (1962). ‘Temporal lobe epilepsy and the phobic anxiety depersonalization syndrome.’ Comprehensive Psychiatry, 3, 215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roth, M., and Kay, D. W. K. (1956). ‘Affective disorders arising in the senium—II Physical disability as an aetiological factor.’ Journal of Mental Science, 102, 141–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roth, M., Gurney, C., Garside, R. F., and Kerr, T. A. (1972). ‘Studies in the classification of affective disorders: The relationship between anxiety states and depressive illnesses—I.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 147–61.Google Scholar
Schapira, K., Roth, M., Kerr, T. A., and Gurney, C. (1972). ‘The prognosis of affective disorders: The differentiation of anxiety states from depressive illnesses.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 175–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shobe, F. C., and Brion, P. (1971). ‘Long-term prognosis in manic-depressive illness.’ Archives of General Psychiatry, 24, 334–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woodruff, R. A., Guze, S. B., and Clayton, P. J. (1972). ‘Anxiety neurosis among psychiatric out-patients.’ Comprehensive Psychiatry, 13, 165–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wretmark, G., Astrom, J., and Eriksson, M. (1970). ‘The Maudsley Personality Inventory as a diagnostic instrument.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 116, 21–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.