Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T10:49:37.975Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A revised interpretation of the Pennsylvanian flexible crinoid Zenocrinus zeus (Echinodermata)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2016

Mark E. Peter
Mark E. Peter*
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, 125 South Oval Mall, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 〈peter.1@osu.edu〉
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Moore and Strimple described the Morrowan (Lower Pennsylvanian, Bashkirian) crinoid Zenocrinus zeus, and noted significant differences in the number and arrangement of plates in the posterior interray between the holotype and the paratype, the only known specimens. A reexamination of the type specimens allowed for a reconciliation of these discrepancies. The new interpretation of Z. zeus necessitates a revision of the diagnosis, and a new plate diagram is proposed. Additional morphological features of the species are described, including the presence of a generating columnal between the column proxistele and mesistele, and a ratcheting profile for the exterior surfaces of calyx ray plates.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 90 , Issue 3 , May 2016 , pp. 499 - 505
Copyright
Copyright © 2016, The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ausich, W.I., 1998, Phylogeny of Arenig to Caradoc crinoids (phylum Echinodermata) and suprageneric classification of the Crinoidea: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, new series, no. 9, 39 p.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., Brett, C.E., Hess, H., and Simms, M.J., 1999, Crinoid form and function, in Hess, H., Ausich, W.I., Brett, C.E., and Simms, M.J., Fossil Crinoids, Cambridge, U.K., Cambridge University Press, p. 3–30.Google Scholar
Bather, F.A., 1899, A phylogenetic classification of the Pelmatozoa: British Association for the Advancement of Sciences, Report, 68th Meeting section D (Bristol, 1898), p. 916–923.Google Scholar
Baumiller, T.K., and Ausich, W.I., 1996, Crinoid stalk flexibility: Theoretical predictions and fossil stalk postures: Lethaia, v. 29, p. 47–59.Google Scholar
Brett, C.E., 1981, Terminology and functional morphology of attachment structures in pelmatozoan echinoderms: Lethaia, v. 14, p. 343–370.Google Scholar
Donovan, S.K., 1984, Stem morphology of the Recent crinoid Chladocrinus (Neocrinus) decorus : Paleontology, v. 27, p. 825–841.Google Scholar
Donovan, S.K., 1992, Scanning EM study of the living cyrtocrinid Holopus rangii (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) and implications for its functional morphology: Journal of Paleontology, v. 66, p. 665–675.Google Scholar
Donovan, S.K., and Pawson, D.L., 1994, Skeletal morphology and paleontological significance of the stem of extant Phrynocrinus nudus A.H. Clark (Echinodermata: Crinoidea): Journal of Paleontology, v. 68, p. 1336–1343.Google Scholar
Lane, N.G., and Webster, G.D., 1966, New Permian crinoid fauna from southern Nevada: University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, v. 63, p. 1–87.Google Scholar
Macurda, D.B. Jr., and Meyer, D.L., 1974, Feeding posture of modern stalked crinoids: Nature, v. 247, p. 394–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, J.S., 1821, A Natural History of the Crinoidea or Lily-shaped Animals, with Observations on the Genera Asteria, Euryale, Comatula, and Marsupites : Bristol, England, Bryan and Company, 150 p.Google Scholar
Moore, R.C., 1978, Flexibilia, in Moore, R.C., and Teichert, C., eds., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. T, Echinodermata 2, Lawrence, Kansas, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, p. T759–T812.Google Scholar
Moore, R.C., and Laudon, L.R., 1943, Evolution and classification of Paleozoic crinoids: Geological Society of America Special Papers, v. 46, 153 p.Google Scholar
Moore, R.C., and Strimple, H.L., 1973, Lower Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) crinoids from Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas: The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Article 60, Echinodermata 12, 84 p., 23 pl.Google Scholar
Roemer, C.F., 1852–1854, Erste Periode, Kohlen-Gebirge, in Bronn, H.G. Lethaea Geognostica, 1851–1856, 3rd ed.: Stuttgart, E. Schweizerbart, v. 2, p. 210–291.Google Scholar
Springer, F., 1913, Crinoidea, in von Zittel, K.A. Text-book of Paleontology, (translated and edited by Eastman, C.R.), 2nd ed.: London, Macmillan and Company, Ltd., v. 1, p. 173–243.Google Scholar
Springer, F., 1920, The Crinoidea Flexibilia, Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institution Publication 2501, 486 p.Google Scholar
Strimple, H.L., 1939, A group of Pennsylvanian crinoids from the vicinity of Bartlesville, Oklahoma: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 24, p. 1–26. pl. 27–29 (separate pagination p. 1–26, pl. 1–3).Google Scholar
Strimple, H.L., and Frest, T.J., 1979, Points of generation and partial regeneration of the column of Euonychocrinus simplex (Crinoidea: Flexibilia): Journal of Paleontology, v. 53, p. 216–220.Google Scholar
Strimple, H.L., and Moore, R.C., 1971, Crinoids of the LaSalle Limestone (Pennsylvanian) of Illinois: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Article 55, Echinodermata 11, p. 1–48, 23 pl.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G., 1978, General morphology, in Moore, R.C., and Teichert, C., eds., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. T, Echinodermata 2, Lawrence, Kansas, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, p. T58–T216.Google Scholar
Webster, G., 2014, An updated bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids, coronates and hemistreptocrinoids, 1758–2012: http://crinoids.azurewebsites.net/ (accessed June 2014).Google Scholar
Wulff, J.I., and Ausich, W.I., 1989, Growth of the xenomorphic crinoid column (Taxocrinus, late Mississippian): Journal of Paleontology, v. 63, p. 657–662.Google Scholar
Zittel, K.A. von, 1895, Grundzüge der Palaeontologie (Palaeozoologie), 1st ed.: Munich, Germany, R. Oldenbourg, 971 p.Google Scholar