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The Middle Eocene bee faunas of Eckfeld and Messel, Germany (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Torsten Wappler  and
Michael S. Engel
Torsten Wappler
Affiliation:
Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abteilung für Paläontologie, Technische Universität Clausthal, Leibnizstraße 10, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
Michael S. Engel
Affiliation:
Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Snow Hall, 1460 Jayhawk Boulevard, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045-7523
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Abstract

The Middle Eocene (Lutetian) bee faunas of Eckfeld and Messel, Germany are revised. In addition to the previously known Electrapis electrapoides (Lutz), five additional species are recognized. Four new species of the Electrapini (Apidae: Apinae) are described: Electrapis micheneri Wappler and Engel, E. prolata Engel and Wappler, Protobombus pristinus Wappler and Engel, and P. messelensis Engel and Wappler. In addition, the new genus Pygomelissa Engel and Wappler is proposed for Pygomelissa lutetia Engel and Wappler new species, which cannot presently be classified into any tribe of the Apidae. The tribe Megachilini (Megachilidae: Megachilinae) is also recorded from Eckfeld but in the absence of any body fossil. Megachilines include the leaf-cutter bees (Megachile) and from the occurrence of the distinctive semicircular damage they produce in leaves, we conclude that such bees were also present in the fauna. The bee fauna is compared with that of the contemporaneous Baltic amber. As with Baltic amber, the majority of bee specimens are from the advanced eusocial lineages of the corbiculate Apinae. Lastly, comments are made on the phylogenetic and paleobiological significance of the faunas.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 77 , Issue 5 , September 2003 , pp. 908 - 921
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society

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Footnotes

3

To whom correspondence should be addressed.

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