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Gladius-bearing coleoids from the Upper Cretaceous Lebanese Lagerstätten: diversity, morphology, and phylogenetic implications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2015

Romain Jattiot ,
Arnaud Brayard ,
Emmanuel Fara  and
Sylvain Charbonnier
Romain Jattiot
Affiliation:
UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, F-21000, Dijon, France; 〈romain.jattiot@pim.uzh.ch〉, 〈arnaud.brayard@u-bourgogne.fr〉, 〈emmanuel.fara@u-bourgogne.fr〉 Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl-Schmid Strasse 4, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
Arnaud Brayard
Affiliation:
UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, F-21000, Dijon, France; 〈romain.jattiot@pim.uzh.ch〉, 〈arnaud.brayard@u-bourgogne.fr〉, 〈emmanuel.fara@u-bourgogne.fr〉
Emmanuel Fara
Affiliation:
UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, F-21000, Dijon, France; 〈romain.jattiot@pim.uzh.ch〉, 〈arnaud.brayard@u-bourgogne.fr〉, 〈emmanuel.fara@u-bourgogne.fr〉
Sylvain Charbonnier
Affiliation:
Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Département Histoire de la Terre, CP38, UMR 7207 CR2P CNRS-MNHN-UPMC, 8 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France, 〈scharbonnier@mnhn.fr〉
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Abstract

Gladius-bearing coleoids are rare in the fossil record. For the Cretaceous period, these cephalopods are mainly recorded in a few Lagerstätten in Lebanon (Haqel, Hajoula, En Nammoura, and Sahel Aalma). Here, we study 16 specimens of gladius-bearing coleoids from these Upper Cretaceous Lebanese Lagerstätten to investigate their taxonomic diversity. Besides two species that were already reported (Dorateuthis syriaca and Glyphiteuthis libanotica), one new species is identified in the Cenomanian site of Hajoula: Rachiteuthis acutali n. sp., as well as another form of Glyphiteuthis from En Nammoura. Several studied specimens exhibit well-preserved soft-part characters. Among them, we document for the first time two transverse rows of sessile suckers in D. syriaca and we confirm the absence of tentacles, as well as the presence of a crop in this species. This strongly supports the phylogenetic proximity of D. syriaca with modern vampyropods rather than with modern decabrachians. In turn, the similarity in gladius morphology between this taxon and modern squids is regarded as convergent.

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Journal of Paleontology , Volume 89 , Issue 1 , January 2015 , pp. 148 - 167
Copyright
Copyright © 2015, The Paleontological Society 

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