Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T08:19:05.288Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of slurry on skin permeability to methylene blue dye in dairy cows with and without a history of digital dermatitis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 July 2013

M. A. Palmer ,
R. F. Donnelly ,
M. J. Garland ,
R. Majithiya  and
N. E. O'Connell
M. A. Palmer*
Affiliation:
Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland, UK Agriculture Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, BT26 6DR, Northern Ireland, UK
R. F. Donnelly
Affiliation:
School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
M. J. Garland
Affiliation:
School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
R. Majithiya
Affiliation:
School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
N. E. O'Connell
Affiliation:
Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland, UK
*
†E-mail: maeve.palmer@afbini.gov.uk
Get access

Abstract

This study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in skin permeability to methylene blue dye or skin morphology between dairy cows that differed in their susceptibility to digital dermatitis (DD) and to assess the effect of contact with slurry on skin permeability. Twenty nine dairy cows were monitored for DD during the winter housing period and classed as DD+ (previous DD infection, n = 17), or DD− (no recorded infection, n = 12). The animals were culled and a skin sample was taken from above the heel of each hind foot and frozen. Samples were later defrosted and one sample from each cow was tested for permeability, whereas the other was treated with slurry for 24 h before permeability testing. To test permeability, methylene blue dye was applied to the skin surface in a Franz diffusion cell. After 48 h, the amount of dye that had passed through the skin was estimated. The stratum corneum thickness and the density of hair follicles were determined from additional heel skin samples. Skin permeability to methylene blue dye was significantly greater for samples that had been treated with slurry but did not differ between DD+ and DD− animals. No difference was found in the stratum corneum thickness or density of hair follicles between DD+ and DD− animals. These findings imply that individual differences in general skin permeability are not a major factor in determining DD susceptibility and suggest that contact with slurry could contribute to DD infection by increasing the permeability of the skin, which may facilitate pathogen entry. Further work is required to clarify the role played by slurry in the pathogenesis of DD.

Keywords

digital dermatitisdairy cowsskin permeabilityslurry.
Type
Behaviour, welfare and health
Information
animal , Volume 7 , Issue 10 , October 2013 , pp. 1731 - 1737
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arikawa, J, Ishibashi, M, Kawashima, M, Takagi, Y, Ichikawa, Y, Imokawa, G 2002. Decreased levels of sphingosine, a natural antimicrobial agent, may be associated with vulnerability of the stratum corneum from patients with atopic dermatitis to colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 119, 433–439.Google Scholar
Blowey, RW, Sharp, MW 1988. Digital dermatitis in dairy cattle. Veterinary Record 122, 505–508.Google Scholar
Bronaugh, RL, Stewart, RF, Simon, M 1986. Methods for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies VII: use of excised human skin. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 75, 1094–1097.Google Scholar
Demirkan, I, Carter, SD, Murray, RD, Blowey, RW, Woodward, MJ 1998. The frequent detection of a treponeme in bovine digital dermatitis by immunocytochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. Veterinary Microbiology 60, 285–292.Google Scholar
Di Nardo, A, Wertz, P, Giannetti, A, Seidenari, S 1998. Ceramide and cholesterol composition of the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 78, 27–30.Google Scholar
Dragicevic-Curic, N, Scheglmann, D, Albrecht, V, Fahr, A 2009. Development of liposomes containing ethanol for skin delivery of temoporfin: characterization and in vitro penetration studies. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 74, 114–122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Egawa, M, Hirao, T, Takahashi, M 2007. In vivo estimation of stratum corneum thickness from water concentration profiles obtained with Raman spectroscopy. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 87, 4–8.Google Scholar
Elias, PM, Cooper, ER, Korc, A, Brown, BE 1981. Percutaneous transport in relation to stratum corneum structure and lipid composition. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 76, 297–301.Google Scholar
Ersser, SJ, Getliffe, K, Voegeli, D, Regan, S 2005. A critical review of the inter-relationship between skin vulnerability and urinary incontinence and related nursing intervention. International Journal of Nursing Studies 42, 823–835.Google Scholar
Evans, NJ, Timofte, D, Isherwood, DR, Brown, JM, Williams, JM, Sherlock, K, Lehane, MJ, Murray, RD, Birtles, RJ, Hart, CA, Carter, SD 2012. Host and environmental reservoirs of infection for bovine digital dermatitis treponemes. Veterinary Microbiology 156, 102–109.Google Scholar
Evans, NJ, Brown, JM, Demirkan, I, Singh, P, Getty, B, Timofte, D, Vink, WD, Murray, RD, Blowey, RW, Birtles, RJ, Hart, CA, Carter, SD 2009. Association of unique, isolated treponemes with bovine digital dermatitis lesions. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 47, 689–696.Google Scholar
Farage, MA, Miller, KW, Berardesca, E, Maibach, HI 2007. Incontinence in the aged: contact dermatitis and other cutaneous consequences. Contact Dermatitis 57, 211–217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Genina, EA, Bashkatov, AN, Tuchin, VV 2008. Effect of ethanol on the transport of methylene blue through stratum corneum. Medical Laser Application 23, 31–38.Google Scholar
Gregory, NG 2004. Swelling of cattle heel horn by urine. Australian Veterinary Journal 82, 161–163.Google Scholar
Holbrook, KA, Odland, GF 1974. Regional differences in the thickness (cell layers) of the human stratum corneum: an ultrastructural analysis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 62, 415–422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jakasa, I, de Jongh, CM, Verberk, MM, Bos, JD, Kezic, S 2006. Percutaneous penetration of sodium lauryl sulphate is increased in uninvolved skin of atopic dermatitis patients compared to control subjects. British Journal of Dermatology 155, 104–109.Google Scholar
Johnson, PG, Gallo, SA, Hui, SW, Oseroff, AR 1998. A pulsed electric field enhances cutaneous delivery of methylene blue in excised full-thickness porcine skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 111, 457–463.Google Scholar
Jung, T, Stingl, G 2008. Atopic dermatitis: therapeutic concepts evolving from new pathophysiologic insights. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 122, 1074–1081.Google Scholar
Laven, R 1999. The environment and digital dermatitis. Cattle Practice 7, 349–354.Google Scholar
Laven, R 2001. Control of digital dermatitis in cattle. In Practice 23, 336–341.Google Scholar
Madison, KC 2003. Barrier function of the skin: ‘‘la raison d'etre’’ of the epidermis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 121, 231–242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGirt, LY, Beck, LA 2006. Innate immune defects in atopic dermatitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 118, 202–208.Google Scholar
Nemes, Z, Steinert, PM 1999. Bricks and mortar of the epidermal barrier. Experimental and Molecular Medicine 31, 5–19.Google Scholar
Netzlaff, F, Schaefer, UF, Lehr, CM, Meiers, P, Stahl, J, Kietzmann, M, Niedorf, F 2006. Comparison of bovine udder skin with human and porcine skin in percutaneous permeation experiments. Atla-Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 34, 499–513.Google ScholarPubMed
Oberbauer, AM, Berry, SL, Belanger, JM, McGoldrick, RM, Pinos-Rodriquez, JM, Famula, TR 2012. Determining the heritable component of dairy cattle foot lesions. Journal of Dairy Science 95, 1–9.Google Scholar
Palmer, CN, Irvine, AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski, A, Zhao, Y, Liao, H, Lee, SP, Goudie, DR, Sandilands, A, Campbell, LE, Smith, FJD, O'Regan, GM, Watson, RM, Cecil, JE, Bale, SJ, Compton, JG, DiGiovanna, JJ, Fleckman, P, Lewis-Jones, S, Arseculeratne, G, Sergeant, A, Munro, CS, El Houate, B, McElreavey, K, Halkjaer, LB, Bisgaard, H, Mukhopadhyay, S, McLean, WHI 2008. Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis. Nature Genetics 38, 441–446.Google Scholar
Pitman, IH, Rostas, SJ 1982. A comparison of frozen and reconstituted cattle and human skin as barriers to drug penetration. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 71, 427–430.Google Scholar
Proksch, E, Brandner, JM, Jensen, J-M 2008. The skin: an indispensable barrier. Experimental Dermatology 17, 1063–1072.Google Scholar
Read, DH, Walker, RL 1998. Papillomatous digital dermatitis (footwarts) in California dairy cattle: clinical and gross pathologic findings. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 10, 67–76.Google Scholar
Rodriguez-Lainz, A, Hird, DA, Carpenter, TE, Read, DH 1996. Case-control study of papillomatous digital dermatitis in southern California dairy farms. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 28, 117–131.Google Scholar
Sakurai, K, Sugiura, H, Matsumoto, M, Uehara, M 2002. Occurrence of patchy parakeratosis in normal-appearing skin in patients with active atopic dermatitis and in patients with healed atopic dermatitis: a cause of impaired barrier function of the atopic skin. Journal of Dermatological Science 30, 37–42.Google Scholar
Stahl, J, Niedorf, F, Kietzmann, M 2009. Characterisation of epidermal lipid composition and skin morphology of animal skin ex vivo. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 72, 310–316.Google Scholar
Stokes, JE, Leach, KA, Main, DCJ, Whay, HR 2012. The reliability of detecting digital dermatitis in the milking parlour. The Veterinary Journal 193, 679–684.Google Scholar
Thomsen, PT, Klaas, IC, Bach, K 2008. Short communication: scoring of digital dermatitis during milking as an alternative to scoring in a hoof trimming chute. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 4679–4682.Google Scholar
van der Waaij, E, Holzhauer, M, Ellen, E, Kamphuis, C, De Jong, G 2005. Genetic parameters for claw disorders in Dutch dairy cattle and correlations with conformation traits. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 3672–3678.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, RL, Read, DH, Loretz, KJ, Nordhausen, RW 1995. Spirochaetes isolated from dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis and interdigital dermatitis. Veterinary Microbiology 47, 350–352.Google Scholar
Warner, RR, Stone, KJ, Boissy, YL 2003. Hydration disrupts human stratum corneum ultrastructure. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 120, 275–284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wosicka, H, Cal, K 2010. Targeting to the hair follicles: current knowledge and potential. Journal of Dermatological Science 57, 83–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshiike, T, Aikawa, Y, Sindhvananda, J, Suto, H, Nishimura, K, Kawamoto, T, Ogawa, H 1993. Skin barrier defect in atopic dermatitis: increased permeability of the stratum corneum using dimethyl sulfoxide and theophylline. Journal of Dermatological Science 5, 92–96.Google Scholar