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Líĺwat Climbers Could See the Ocean from the Peak of Qẃelqẃelústen: Evaluating Oral Traditions with Viewshed Analyses from the Mount Meager Volcanic Complex Prior to Its 2360 BP Eruption
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 May 2024
Abstract
Among Líĺwat people of the Interior Plateau of British Columbia, an oral tradition relays how early ancestors used to ascend Qẃelqẃelústen, or Mount Meager. The account maintains that those climbers could see the ocean, which is not the case today, because the mountain is surrounded by many other high peaks, and the Strait of Georgia is several mountain ridges to the west. However, the mountain is an active and volatile volcano, which last erupted circa 2360 cal BP. It is also the site of the largest landslide in Canadian history, which occurred in 2010. Given that it had been a high, glacier-capped mountain throughout the Holocene, much like other volcanoes along the coastal range, we surmise that a climber may have reasonably been afforded a view of the ocean from its prior heights. We conducted viewshed analyses of the potential mountain height prior to its eruption and determined that one could indeed view the ocean if the mountain were at least 950 m higher than it is today. This aligns with the oral tradition, indicating that it may be over 2,400 years old, and plausibly in the range of 4,000 to 9,000 years old when the mountain may have been at such a height.
Resumen
Entre el pueblo Lil'wat de la meseta interior de la provincia de British Columbia, una tradición oral relata cómo los primeros ancestros solían ascender al Qẃelqẃelústen / Monte Meager. La narración sostiene que los escaladores podían ver el océano, evento que no sucede más actualmente, ya que la montaña está rodeada de muchos picos altos y el estrecho de Georgia está formado por varias crestas montañosas al Oeste. Sin embargo, el Monte Meager es un volcán activo que erupcionó por última vez hace aproximadamente 2360 años antes del presente y también es el sitio donde sucedió el deslizamiento de tierra más grande en la historia de Canadá en 2010. Considerando que durante todo el Holoceno este volcán fue más alto y cubierto de glaciar, parecido a otros volcanes localizados a lo largo de la cordillera costera, suponemos que un escalador podía razonablemente acceder a la vista del océano debido a la altitud del volcán en aquel tiempo. Conducimos un análisis de visibilidad de la altura potencial de la montaña antes de su erupción, y determinamos que efectivamente se podía ver el océano si el monte era al menos 950 metros más alto de lo que es hoy. Esto coincide con la tradición oral, lo que indica que el volcán podría haber tenido esa altura hace más de 2,400 años, y posiblemente entre 4.000 y 9.000 años antes del presente.
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