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7 - Commuting and well-being

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 December 2009

By
Raymond W. Novaco  and
Oscar I. Gonzalez
Edited by
Yair Amichai-Hamburger
Yair Amichai-Hamburger
Affiliation:
Sammy Ofer School of Communications, Interdisciplinary Center, Israel
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Summary

The progress of human societies has always been associated with mobility and transportation. Since the earliest homo sapiens migrated from their cave dwellings over 100,000 years ago to establish civilizations in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates, human achievement and societal well-being has been dependent on our ability to transport ourselves and the goods that we produce. While the information age has radically modified both work products and the means of transportation, physical mobility on roadway systems remains fundamental to our commerce, recreation, and other life-sustaining activities. Indeed, mobility is very much associated with well-being, but the relationship is not uniform, as higher levels of travel may be reflective of constraints on opportunities, depletion of resources, and impairments to personal health and job performance.

Contemporary urban societies are fraught with stressful environmental conditions, among which traffic congestion features prominently. Remaining attached to the mode of private automobile travel and constrained by the availability of affordable housing, workers endure congested commutes and absorb the stressful consequences. As Dubos (1965, 1969) observed about human adaptation, we seem to develop tolerances to aversive environmental conditions and apparently function effectively in these less than healthy environs; however, as he also asserted, such adaptations in the present will be paid by misery in the future. Although potentially harmful urban conditions, such as exposure to noise, air pollution, and traffic congestion, become acceptable through habituation, the adaptive adjustments are achieved at the price of physical or psychological disturbances later in life.

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Technology and Psychological Well-being , pp. 174 - 205
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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