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Detailed finer features in spectra of interfacial waves for characterization of a bubble-laden drop

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 October 2017

Udugama R. Sumanasekara  and
Sukalyan Bhattacharya Open the ORCID record for Sukalyan Bhattacharya [Opens in a new window]
Udugama R. Sumanasekara
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
Sukalyan Bhattacharya*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: s.bhattacharya@ttu.edu
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Abstract

This article describes unexplored details of the intriguing spectral manifestation of the small-amplitude waves at the surfaces of a bubble-laden drop. Its natural frequencies of interfacial pulsation reveal a non-trivial variation with the position of the cavity inside the liquid. This configurational dependence of spectra is calculated for arbitrary location of the void by using a novel approach under low capillary number and low Bond number limits. The analysis is based on expansion in two sets of basis functions where their mutual transformations are utilized to enforce interfacial boundary conditions. The obtained results quantify a few important features which have both scientific and technological significance. For a concentric geometry, the inherent azimuthal degeneracy makes the frequencies for a number of vibrational modes exactly the same. For an eccentric position of the bubble, however, this degeneracy disappears, creating small deviations in the spectral values corresponding to different azimuthal modes. Such behaviour is akin to fine-structure split in an atomic system, where different quantum numbers ensure small deviation in energy levels of the states. The formulated mathematical procedure can determine the individual frequency values for the interfacial oscillation even if these are grouped closely together in bands. The paper shows how the number of fine structures inside a band and their specific values can be exploited to predict the size and position of the cavity in an opaque drop without any direct visualization of its interior.

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Bubble dynamics Waves/Free-surface Flows: Capillary waves Drops and Bubbles: Drops and Bubbles
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 831 , 25 November 2017 , pp. 698 - 718
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Copyright
© 2017 Cambridge University Press 

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