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Contributions of very large-scale motions to turbulence statistics in open channel flows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 March 2020

Yanchong Duan Open the ORCID record for Yanchong Duan [Opens in a new window] ,
Qigang Chen Open the ORCID record for Qigang Chen [Opens in a new window] ,
Danxun Li  and
Qiang Zhong Open the ORCID record for Qiang Zhong [Opens in a new window]
Yanchong Duan
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
Qigang Chen
Affiliation:
School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
Danxun Li
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
Qiang Zhong*
Affiliation:
College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China Beijing Engineering Research Center of Safety and Energy Saving Technology for Water Supply Network System, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
*
†Email address for correspondence: qzhong@cau.edu.cn
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Abstract

Time-resolved particle image velocimetry measurements were performed in smooth-walled open channels to investigate the contributions of very large-scale motions (VLSMs) to the turbulence characteristics in open channel flows. The focal point is to clarify the free surface effects on the characteristics of VLSMs and the contributions of VLSMs to the unique statistical features in open channel flows (i.e., the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) redistribution and smaller wake strength of the mean velocity profile). The resulting wavelength of VLSMs in present smooth-walled open channels is approximately $20h$ ($h$ is water depth), which is comparable to that in pipe and closed channels while smaller than that in rough-walled open channels, and they are shown to make a great contribution to turbulence statistics with over 50 % of streamwise turbulence intensity, Reynolds shear stress and negative net force coming from VLSMs in the outer layer. Compared with other wall-bounded flows, VLSMs maintain higher strength in the outer layer of open channel flows with non-negligible strength even in the near surface region ($y\sim >0.8h$), indicating that the free surface seems to sustain/promote VLSMs. This strength difference of VLSMs closely relates to the TKE redistribution and smaller wake strength of the mean velocity in the outer layer of open channel flows. The higher streamwise turbulence intensity is mainly contributed from the higher strength of VLSMs therein. The decelerating role of VLSMs combining with their higher strength is vital for shaping the mean velocity profile, which therefore is speculated to make a great contribution to the smaller wake strength phenomenon.

JFM classification

Waves/Free-surface Flows: Channel flow Turbulent Flows: Turbulent boundary layers Geophysical and Geological Flows: River dynamics
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 892 , 10 June 2020 , A3
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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