Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T18:39:25.306Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Some effects of artificial variation in light interception, number of grains and husk constriction on the development of grain weight in normal and high-lysine barley

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

R. M. Habgood  and
M. Rafique Uddin
R. M. Habgood
Affiliation:
Welsh Plant Breeding Station, Aberystwyth
M. Rafique Uddin
Affiliation:
Welsh Plant Breeding Station, Aberystwyth
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The grain weights of normal and high-lysine cultivars were compared in field and pot experiments in which the supply of assimilate per grain was adjusted by a variety of treatments involving application of fertilizer, thinning, degraining or defoliation. The results of these experiments indicated that in normal cultivars, grain weight was affected both by the supply of assimilate from the green tissues and by internal factors in the grain which limited the accumulation of this assimilate. Some evidence suggested that physical constriction of the expanding endosperm by the surrounding husk could be one of these factors; the effects of the husk on growth of the caryopsis was not clear.

The development of grain weight in the high lysine cv. Riso 1508 was initially similar to that of normal cultivars, but the cessation of growth as maturity approached was more abrupt. Increased assimilate availability resulting from the application of fertilizer, thinning or degraining treatments effectively increased grain weight in this cultivar, but to a lesser extent than in low-lysine cultivars. Conversely, decreased assimilate supply as a result of defoliation produced less marked reductions in grain weight in the high-lysine type, suggesting that the reduced starch accumulation associated with the high lysine characteristic rendered superfluous some of the photosynthetic capacity in these types.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 101 , Issue 2 , October 1983 , pp. 301 - 309
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersen, A. J. & Køie, B. (1975). Nitrogen fertilisation and yield response of high lysine and normal barley. Agronomy Journal 67, 695–698.Google Scholar
Andersen, K., Lysgaard, C. P. & Andersen, S. (1978). Increase in dry weight and nitrogen content in barley varieties grown at different temperatures. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 28, 90–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bingham, J. (1967). Investigations on the physiology of yield in winter wheat, by comparison of varieties and by artificial variation in grain number per ear. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 68, 411–422.Google Scholar
Bingham, J. (1969). The physiological determinants of grain yield in cereals. Agricultural Progress 44, 30–42.Google Scholar
Brandt, A. (1976). Endosperm protein formation during kernel development of wild-type and a high lysine barley mutant. Cereal Chemistry 53, 890–901.Google Scholar
Bremner, P. M. & Rawson, H. M. (1978). The weight of individual grains of the wheat ear in relation to their growth potential, the supply of assimilate and interaction between grains. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 5, 61–72.Google Scholar
Brocklehurst, P. A. (1977). Factors controlling grain weight in wheat. Nature, London 266, 348–349.Google Scholar
Buttrose, M. S. & May, L. H. (1959). Physiology of the cereal grain. I. The source of carbon for the developing barley kernel. Australian Journal of Biological Science 12, 40–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carver, T. L. W. & Griffiths, E. (1981). Relationship between powdery mildew infection, green leaf area, and grain yield of barley. Annals of Applied Biology 99, 255–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doll, H. & KøIE, B. (1978). Influence of the highlysine gene from barley mutant 1508 on grain carbohydrate and protein yield. In Seed Protein Improvement by Nuclear Techniques, pp. 107–114. Vienna: I.A.E.A.Google Scholar
Fischer, R. A. & HilleRisLambers, D. (1978). Effect of environment and cultivar on source limitation to grain weight in wheat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 29, 443–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, R. A. & Laing, D. R. (1976). Yield potential in dwarf spring wheat and response to thinning. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 87, 113–122.Google Scholar
Gallagher, J. N., Biscoe, P. V. & Scott, R. K. (1975). Barley and its environment. V. Stability of grain weight. Journal of Applied Ecology 13, 563–583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gifford, R. M., Bremner, P. M. & Jones, D. B. (1973). Assessing photosynthetic limitation to grain yield in a field crop. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 24, 297–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harlan, H. V. (1920). Daily development of kernels of Hannchen barley from flowering to maturity at Aberdeen, Idaho. Journal of Agricultural Research 19, 393–429.Google Scholar
Ingversen, J., Køie, B. & Doll, H. (1973). Induced seed protein mutant of barley. Experientia 29, 1151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, G., Rhodes, A. P., Gill, A. A. & Hanson, P. R. (1979). The effect of irrigation and nitrogen supply on the yield and quality of protein in highlysine barleys. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 30, 647–652.Google Scholar
Jenner, C. F. (1976). Physiological investigations on restrictions to transport of sucrose in ears of wheat. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 3, 337–347.Google Scholar
Jenner, C. F. (1980). Effects of shading or removing spikelets in wheat: testing assumptions. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 7, 113–121.Google Scholar
Jenner, C. F. & Rathjen, A. J. (1972). Factors limiting the supply of sucrose to the developing wheat grain. Annals of Botany 36, 729–741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martinez-Carrasco, R. & Thorne, G. N. (1979). Physiological factors limiting grain size in wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany 30, 669–679.Google Scholar
Matsushima, S. (1957). Analysis of developmental factors determining yield and yield prediction in lowland rice. Bulletin of the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences Series A 5, 1–271.Google Scholar
Nosberger, J. & Thorne, G. N. (1965). The effect of removing florets or shading the ear of barley on production and distribution of dry matter. Annals of Botany 29, 635–644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oram, R. N. & Doll, H. (1981). Yield improvement in high lysine barley. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 32, 425–434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pickering, R. A. (1982). The effect of pollination bag type on seed quality and size in Hordeum inter- and intra-specific hybridisation. Euphytica 31, 439–449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinthus, M. J. & Millet, E. (1978). Interactions among number of spikelets, number of grains and grain weight in the spikes of wheat (Triticum aeslivum L.). Annals of Botany 42, 839–848.Google Scholar
Radley, M. (1976). The development of wheat grain in relation to endogenous growth substance. Journal of Experimental Botany 27, 1009–1021.Google Scholar
Radley, M. E. (1978). Factors affecting grain enlargement in wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany 29, 919–934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radley, M. E. (1981). The effect on wheat grain growth of the removal or ABA treatment of glumes and lemma. Journal of Experimental Botany 32, 129–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radley, M. E. & Thorne, G. N. (1981). Effects of decreasing the number of grains in ears of cvs Hobbit and Maris Huntsman winter wheat. Annals of Applied Biology 98, 149–156.Google Scholar
Rhodes, A. P. & Jenkins, G. (1976). Nitrogen and dry matter accumulation in high-lysine and normal varieties of barley. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 86, 57–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simmons, S. R. & Moss, D. N. (1978). Nitrogen and dry matter accumulation by kernels formed at specific florets in spikelets of spring wheat. Crop Science 18, 139–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoy, V. (1976). Source and sink properties as related to yield in different barley genotypes. Proceedings of the Third International Barley Genetics Symposium, Munich, 1975, pp. 641–648.Google Scholar
Tallberg, A. (1977). The amino-acid composition in endosperm and embryo of a barley variety and its high lysine mutant. Hereditas 87, 43–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, H. & Stoddart, J. L. (1980). Leaf senescence. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 31, 83–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorne, G. N. (1981). Effects on dry weight and nitrogen content of grains of semi-dwarf and tall varieties of winter wheat caused by decreasing the number of grains per ear. Annals of Applied Biology 98, 355–363.Google Scholar
Walpole, P. R. & Morgan, D. G. (1973). The effects of floret sterilisation on grain number and grain weight in wheat ears. Annals of Botany 37, 1041–1048.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willey, R. W. & Holliday, R. (1971a). Plant population and shading studies in barley. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 77, 445–452.Google Scholar
Willey, R. W. & Holliday, R. (1971b). Plant population, shading and thinning studies in wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 77, 453–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, R. H. & Hayes, J. D. (1977). The breeding implications of studies on yield and its components in contrasting genotypes of spring barley. Cereal Research Communications 5, 113–118.Google Scholar
Zadoks, J. C., Chang, T. T. & Konzak, C. F. (1974). A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research 14, 415–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar