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Rehabilitación de Pacientes Después del Accidente Cerebro-vascular: Relación Entre Deficiencia Biológica (exploración de TC), Discapacidad física y Depresión Clínica

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

B. Bjerg Bendsen
Affiliation:
Amtshospitalet i Vordingborg, Hospital Psiquiátrico, DK-4760, Vordingborg
E. Bjerg Bendsen
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Frederiksborg General Hospital, DK-3400Hillerqd
L. Lauritzen
Affiliation:
Center Rehabilitation Hospital, Esbønderup, DK-3230Grœsted, Dinamarca
T. Vilmar
Affiliation:
Center Rehabilitation Hospital, Esbønderup, DK-3230Grœsted, Dinamarca
P. Bech
Affiliation:
Center Rehabilitation Hospital, Esbønderup, DK-3230Grœsted, Dinamarca
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Resumen

Un estudio de 128 pacientes consecutivos con accidente cerebro-vascular (ACV) tromboembólico en un hospital de rehabilitación desde julio de 1988 hasta septiembre de 1990 encontró una prevalencia de depresión mayor de 17%. La población de pacientes se describió según los principios de la Clasificación Internacional de Deficiencias, Discapacidades y Minusvalías (ICIDH) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) con arreglo a la deficiencia biológica, medida por exploración de tomografía computerizada (TC) del cerebro, el lado de la hemiparesia y la discapacidad física, medida por el movimiento funcional y las actividades de la vida diaria. La minusvalía, que se refiere a la interacción entre la discapacidad y la situación ambiental, y se define a menudo como la desventaja subjetiva de estar enfermo, no se midió en este estudio. A partir de los parámetros que describían la deficiencia biológica y la discapacidad física, se generó un índice de ACV con cuatro elementos. Las escalas de estimación psiquiátrica (la Escala de 17 elementos de Hamilton para la Depresión [HAM-D], la Escala de Melancolía [MES] y la Escala de Depresión Diagnóstica de Newcastle) y el nuevo índice de ACV mostraron coeficientes alfa de Cronbach y un coeficiente de Loevinger adecuados, lo que indica que estas escalas tienen tanto una correlación de los elementos como una homogeneidad (estructura jerárquica adecuada) apropiadas. Así, el índice de deficiencia-discapacidad de ACV parece ser una medida significativa de los factores específicos de esta enfermedad. No hubo correlación entre el índice de ACV y las escalas de estimación psiquiátrica que miden la dimensión emocional de la discapacidad causada por la enfermedad, expresada como depresión. Los resultados indican que la depresión encontrada entre los pacientes con accidente cerebro-vascular no es una reacción simple a la discapacidad física inducida por éste.

Type
Artículo original
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 1998

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References

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