Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T19:15:28.479Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prevalence of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli in ground beef, pork, and chicken in southwestern Ontario

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

S. C. Read ,
C. L. Gyles ,
R. C. Clarke ,
H. Lior  and
S. McEwen
S. C. Read
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada, Health of Animals Laboratory, 110 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G 3W4
C. L. Gyles
Affiliation:
Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G 2W1
R. C. Clarke
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada, Health of Animals Laboratory, 110 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G 3W4
H. Lior
Affiliation:
National Enteric Reference Centre, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaK1A 0L2
S. McEwen
Affiliation:
Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G 2W1
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Samples of ground beef (225), pork (235) and chicken (200) were randomly selected from meat processing plants in the southwestern Ontario area. Supernatants of broth cultures of the samples were tested for verocytotoxins using a Vero cell assay. Neutralization of cytotoxic activity using antisera specific for three types of verocytotoxin (Verotoxin 1, Verotoxin 2 and Shiga-like toxin II) was performed on positive samples. Isolation of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) was attempted from positive samples. VTEC were confirmed as E. coli biochemically, tested for drug resistance, and serotyped. Based on neutralization studies, the prevalance of VTEC in beef and pork was at least 36·4% and 10·6%. respectively. This is much higher than has been reported from a survey of retail meats in which a method designed to detect only E. coli O 157.H7 was used. Isolations of VTEC were made from 10·4 % of the beef samples and 3·8 % of the pork samples. No VTEC were recovered from the chicken samples. The majority of VTEC isolates were susceptible to commonly used antimicrobial agents. A number of the serotypes of the VTEC isolates recovered have been associated with human disease; however, no VTEC of serotype O 157.H7 were isolated.

Type
Special Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 105 , Issue 1 , August 1990 , pp. 11 - 20
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

References

REFERENCES

1.Karmali, MA. Infection by Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. Clin Microbiol Rev 1989; 2: 15–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Konowalchuk, J, Speirs, JI, Stavric, S. Vero response to a eytotoxin of Esicherichia roli. Infect Immun 1977; 18: 775–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.O'Brien, AD, LaVeek, GD, Thompson, MR, Formal, SB. Production of Shigella dysenteriae type 1-like eytotoxin by Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 1982; 146: 763–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Wade, WG, Thom, BT, Evans, N. Cytotoxic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Lancet 1979: ii: 1235–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Johnson, WM, Lior, H, Bezanson, GS. Cytotoxic Escherichia coli O 157.H7 associated with hemorrhagic colitis in Canada. Lancet 1983; i: 76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.O'Brien, AD, Lively, TA, Chen, ME, Rothman, SW, Formal, SB. Escherichia coli O 157.H7 strains associated with hemorrhagic colitis in the United States produce a Shiigella dysenteriae 1 (Shiga)-like cytotoxin. Lancet 1983: i: 702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Karmali, MA, Petric, M, Lim, C, Fleming, PC, Arbus, GS, Lior, H. The association between hemolytic uremic syndrome and infection by verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 1985: 151: 775–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Borezyk, AA, Karmali, MA, Lior, H, Duncan, LMC. Bovine reservoir for verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O 157.H7. Lancet 1987; i: 98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Clarke, RC et al. , Abstract, Annual meeting American Society for Microbiology 1988.Google Scholar
10.Mainil, JG, Duchesnes, CJ, Whipp, SC et al. , Shiga-like toxin production and attaching effacing activity of Escherichia coli associated with calf diarrhoea. Am J Vet Res 1987; 48: 743–8.Google Scholar
11.Marques, LRM, Moore, JA, Wells, JG, Wachsmuth, IK, O'Brien, AD. Production of Shiga-like toxin by Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 1986; 154: 338–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Mohammad, A, Peiris, JSM, Wijewanta, EA. Serotypes of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from cattle and buffalo calf diarrhoea. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1986; 35: 261–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Sherwood, D, Snodgrass, DR, O'Brien, AD. Shiga-like toxin production from Escherichia coli associated with calf diarrhoea. Vet Rec 1985; 116: 217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Smith, HR, Scotland, SM, Willshaw, GA et al. , Vero cytotoxin production and presence of VT genes in Escherichia coli strains of animal origin. J Gen Microbiol 1988; 134: 829–34.Google ScholarPubMed
15.Gannon, VP, Gyles, CL, Friendship, RW. Characteristics of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli from pigs. Can J Vet Res 1988; 52: 331–7.Google ScholarPubMed
16.Gonzalez, EA, Blanco, J. Production of cytotoxin VT in enteropathogenic and non-enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains of porcine origin. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1985; 26: 127–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Linggood, MA, Thompson, JM. Verotoxin production among porcine strains of Escherichia coli and its association with oedema disease. J Med Microbiol 1987; 25: 359–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Kashiwazaki, M, Ogawa, T, Nakamura, K, Isayama, Y, Tamura, K, Sakazaki, R. Vero cytotoxin produced by Escherichia coli strains of animal origin. National Institute of Animal Health Quarterly (Japan) 1981; 21: 68–72.Google ScholarPubMed
19.Szabo, RA, Todd, ECD, Jean, A. Method to isolate Escherichia coli O 157.H7 from food. J Food Protect 1986; 49: 768–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Doyle, MP, Schoeni, JL. Isolation of Escherichia coli O 157. H7 from retail fresh meats and poultry. Appl Environ Microbiol 1987; 53: 2294–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Todd, ECD, Szabo, RA, Peterkin, P et al. , Rapid hydrophobic grid membrane filter-enzyme-labeled antibody procedure for identification and enumeration of Escherichia coli O 157 in foods. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988; 54: 2536–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Scotland, SM, Rowe, B, Smith, HR, Willshaw, GA, Gross, RJ. Vero cytotoxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli from children with haemolytic uraemic syndrome and their detection by specific DNA probes. J Med Microbiol 1988; 25: 237–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Head, SC, Petric, M, Richardson, S, Roscoe, M, Karmali, MA. Purification and characterization of veroeytotoxin 2. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1988; 51: 211–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Downes, FP, Barrett, TJ, Green, JH et al. , Affinity purification and characterization of Shiga-like toxin II and production of toxin-specific monoclonal antibodies. Infect Immun 1988: 56: 1926–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Head, SC, Karmali, MA, Roscoe, ME, Petric, M, Strockbine, NA, Wachsmuth, IK. Serological differences between Veroeytotoxin 2 and Shiga-like toxin II. Lancet 1988; ii: 751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Marques, LRM, Peiris, JSM, Cryz, SJ, O'Brien, AD. Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs with edema disease produce a variant of Shiga-like toxin II. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1987; 44: 33–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Strockbine, NA, Marques, LRM, Newland, JW, Smith, HW, Holmes, RK, O'Brien, AD. Two toxin-converting phages from Escherichia coli O 157.H7 strain 933 encode antigenically distinct toxins with similar biologic activities. Infect Immun 1986; 53: 135–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Irwin, RJ, McEwen, SA, Clarke, RC, Meek, AH. The prevalence of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance patterns of nonverocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Ontario broiler chickens. Can J Vet Res 1989; 53: 411–18.Google ScholarPubMed
29.Clarke, RC, McEwen, SA, Gannon, VP, Lior, H, Gyles, CL. Isolation of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli from milk filters in south-western Ontario. Epidemiol Infect 1989: 102: 253–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Lior, H, Borezyk, AA. False positive identifications of Escherichia coli O 157. Lancet 1987; i: 333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Strockbine, NA, Marques, LRM, Holmes, RK, O'Brien, AD. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Shiga-like toxin from Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 1985; 50: 695–700.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Newland, JW, Neill, RJ. DNA probes for Shiga-like toxins I and II and for toxin-converting bacteriophages. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26: 1292–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.Levine, MM, Xu, J, Kaper, JB et al. , A DNA probe to identify enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli of O 157.H7 and other serotypes that cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. J Infect Dis 1987; 156: 175–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Karch, H, Meyer, T. Evaluation of oligonucleotide probes for identification of Shiga-like-toxin-producing Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27: 1180–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Downes, FP, Green, JH, Greene, K, Strockbine, N, Wells, JG, Wachsmuth, IK. Development and evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assavs for detection of Shiga-like toxin I and Shiga-like toxin II. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27: 1292–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Ashkenazi, S, Cleary, TG. Rapid method to detect Shiga toxin and Shiga-like toxin I based on binding to globotriosyl ceramide (Gb3), their natural receptor. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27: 1145–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed