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Aquatic arthropods and forestry: effects of large-scale land use on aquatic systems in Nearctic temperate regions1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

John S. Richardson
John S. Richardson
Affiliation:
Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, 3041 – 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (e-mail: John.Richardson@ubc.ca)
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Abstract

Aquatic arthropods can be affected by forest management through increased amounts of light, discharge, and sediment runoff, alteration of the supply of basal resources, changes in the supply of large wood, temperature modifications, and food-web effects. This syndrome of alterations varies geographically in magnitude, and the specific details depend on initial biotic and abiotic conditions, local topography, climate, and the particular management practices used. Impacts on standing water appear to be subtle, and most attention has focussed on streams, where changes are often more obvious. The intensity of any changes in processes affecting aquatic arthropods depends, in part, on the proximity of logging to the shoreline and the proportion of watershed harvested, and also on the condition and frequency of forest access roads crossing or near water bodies. Some groups of species are particularly vulnerable, but others, particularly generalist species such as some Baetis Leach (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) and some Chironomidae (Diptera), appear to benefit from harvesting. In general, outcomes of harvesting near streams are temporary increases in production and abundance but reductions in diversity. Impacts on all trophic levels, especially in streams, can occur from forest harvesting. The primary tool for mitigating these impacts is the use of riparian buffers, but there are still major uncertainties about the effectiveness of specific widths and configurations of buffers and their use for additional types of disturbance.

Résumé

L’aménagement forestier peut affecter les arthropodes aquatiques. Les effets peuvent résulter des accroissements de la lumière, du débit et des charges de sédiment, de la modification des provisions de ressources de base, des changements dans l’apport de bois de grande taille, des variations de température et des effets reliés au réseau alimentaire. Le syndrome de ces modifications varie en importance en fonction de la géographie et les détails spécifiques dépendent des conditions biotiques et abiotiques initiales, de la topographie locale, des conditions climatiques et des pratiques particulières d’aménagement forestier. Les impacts sur les eaux stagnantes semblent être subtils; ils sont plus évidents dans les eaux courantes sur lesquelles la plupart des travaux ont été réalisés. L’intensité d’une modification dans les processus qui affectent les arthropodes aquatiques dépend, en partie, de la proximité de la coupe par rapport à la rive et de la proportion du bassin versant déboisée, mais aussi de l’état et de la densité des routes d’accès qui traversent les milieux aquatiques ou qui s’en approchent. Certains groupes d’espèces sont particulièrement vulnérables, mais d’autres, particulièrement les espèces généralistes, telles que certains Baetis Leach (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) et quelques Chironomidae (Diptera), semblent profiter de la coupe forestière. En général, les conséquences des coupes forestières près des cours d’eau sont des accroissements passagers de la production et de l’abondance et des réductions de la diversité. La coupe forestière peut affecter tous les niveaux trophiques, particulièrement en eau courante. L’outil principal pour mitiger ces impacts reste l’utilization de bandes-tampons riveraines, mais il demeure de grandes incertitudes au sujet de l’efficacité des différentes largeurs et configurations de ces bandes et de leur utilization pour d’autres types de perturbations.

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Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 140 , Issue 4: Maintaining Arthropods in Northern Forest Ecosystems: Symposium Proceedings / Actes du symposium: Maintien des arthropodes dans les écosystèmes forestiers nordiques , August 2008 , pp. 495 - 509
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2008

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