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8 - Climate change

from Part II - Global Physical Climatology

Gordon B. Bonan
Gordon B. Bonan
Affiliation:
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
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Summary

Chapter summary

Climate has changed over the course of Earth's history and will change in the future. Just 18 000 years ago, Earth was in the grips of a prolonged cold period in which vast tracts of the Northern Hemisphere were covered with ice. Over the past two million years there have been numerous such ice ages separated by shorter, warm interglacial periods. Our current climate is that of a warm interglacial and history suggests that over the next several thousand years prolonged cooling culminating in another ice age is possible in the absence of human influences. The geologic record also reveals numerous rapid climate changes over periods as short as decades or centuries. Climate change is the result of changes in the external forcing of the climate system by the Sun and internal physical, chemical, and biological feedbacks among the atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial components of the climate system. Plate tectonics and changes in the geometry of Earth's orbit around the Sun influence climate at timescales of millennia or longer. Changes in the concentration of greenhouse gases or in the runoff of freshwater to oceans affect climate at timescales of centuries to millennia. Changes in solar irradiance or volcanic eruptions that emit aerosols into the atmosphere influence climate at timescales of years to decades. Climate change over the twentieth century is reviewed in the context of greenhouse gases and anthropogenic influences on climate.

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Ecological Climatology
Concepts and Applications
 , pp. 105 - 128
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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  • Climate change
  • Gordon B. Bonan, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
  • Book: Ecological Climatology
  • Online publication: 05 April 2013
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511805530.009
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  • Climate change
  • Gordon B. Bonan, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
  • Book: Ecological Climatology
  • Online publication: 05 April 2013
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511805530.009
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  • Climate change
  • Gordon B. Bonan, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
  • Book: Ecological Climatology
  • Online publication: 05 April 2013
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511805530.009
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