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Microstructural heterogeneity and mechanical anisotropy of 18Ni-330 maraging steel fabricated by selective laser melting: The effect of build orientation and height

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 June 2020

Yi Yao ,
Kaiwen Wang ,
Xiaoqing Wang ,
Lin Li ,
Wenjun Cai ,
Samuel Kelly ,
Natalia Esparragoza ,
Matthew Rosser  and
Feng Yan
Yi Yao
Affiliation:
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35401, USA
Kaiwen Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA24061, USA
Xiaoqing Wang*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Engineering, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL36265, USA The Center for Manufacturing Support, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL36265, USA
Lin Li*
Affiliation:
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35401, USA
Wenjun Cai*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA24061, USA
Samuel Kelly
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Engineering, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL36265, USA The Center for Manufacturing Support, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL36265, USA
Natalia Esparragoza
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Engineering, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL36265, USA The Center for Manufacturing Support, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL36265, USA
Matthew Rosser
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Engineering, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL36265, USA The Center for Manufacturing Support, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL36265, USA
Feng Yan
Affiliation:
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35401, USA
*
a)Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: xwang@jsu.edu
b)e-mail: lin.li@eng.ua.edu
c)e-mail:caiw@vt.edu
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Abstract

Distinguished by a marked combination of high strength and high fracture toughness, 18Ni-300 maraging steel (MS) is widely used for intricate tool and die applications. MS is also amenable to the powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process, providing unique opportunities to make small features and incorporate cooling channels in molds. In this study, tensile test samples were fabricated using selective laser melting to investigate the effects of built height and orientations on the evolution of the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the samples. The microstructure of the as-fabricated samples consists of the primary α-martensite phase and fine cellular microstructure (~0.66–0.83 μm) with the retained austenite γ-phase aggregated at the boundaries of the cells, resulting in an enhanced mechanical performance compared with traditional counterparts under the same condition (without post-heat treatments). Random grain orientations with weak textures are revealed in all samples. The XY-built samples display better tensile performance when compared to the Z-built samples due to the fine grain sizes and the retained γ phase. The bottom of the Z-built sample exhibits a higher hardness than other parts of the sample, which could be attributed to its finer cellular structure.

Keywords

steelmicrostructurestrength
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 35 , Issue 15: Focus Issue: Additive Manufacturing of Metals: Complex Microstructures and Architecture Design , 14 August 2020 , pp. 2065 - 2076
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Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2020

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