We study the quasi-ergodicity of compact strong Feller semigroups $U_t$, $t> 0$, on $L^2(M,\mu )$; we assume that M is a locally compact Polish space equipped with a locally finite Borel measue $\mu $. The operators $U_t$ are ultracontractive and positivity preserving, but not necessarily self-adjoint or normal. We are mainly interested in those cases where the measure $\mu $ is infinite and the semigroup is not intrinsically ultracontractive. We relate quasi-ergodicity on $L^p(M,\mu )$ and uniqueness of the quasi-stationary measure with the finiteness of the heat content of the semigroup (for large values of t) and with the progressive uniform ground state domination property. The latter property is equivalent to a variant of quasi-ergodicity which progressively propagates in space as $t \uparrow \infty $; the propagation rate is determined by the decay of . We discuss several applications and illustrate our results with examples. This includes a complete description of quasi-ergodicity for a large class of semigroups corresponding to non-local Schrödinger operators with confining potentials.

Given a probability space $(X,\mu )$, a square integrable function f on such space and a (unilateral or bilateral) shift operator T, we prove under suitable assumptions that the ergodic means $N^{-1}\sum _{n=0}^{N-1} T^nf$ converge pointwise almost everywhere to zero with a speed of convergence which, up to a small logarithmic transgression, is essentially of the order of $N^{-1/2}$. We also provide a few applications of our results, especially in the case of shifts associated with toral endomorphisms.

In this work, we study early warning signs for stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs), where the linearisation around a steady state is characterised by continuous spectrum. The studied warning sign takes the form of qualitative changes in the variance as a deterministic bifurcation threshold is approached via parameter variation. Specifically, we focus on the scaling law of the variance near the transition. Since we are dealing here, in contrast to previous studies, with the case of continuous spectrum and quantitative scaling laws, it is natural to start with linearisations of the drift operator that are multiplication operators defined by analytic functions. For a one-dimensional spatial domain, we obtain precise rates of divergence. In the case of the two- and three-dimensional domains, an upper bound to the rate of the early warning sign is proven. These results are cross-validated by numerical simulations. Our theory can be generically useful for several applications, where stochastic and spatial aspects are important in combination with continuous spectrum bifurcations.

The Moment-SOS hierarchy, first introduced in optimization in 2000, is based on the theory of the S-moment problem and its dual counterpart: polynomials that are positive on S. It turns out that this methodology can also be used to solve problems with positivity constraints ‘f(x) ≥ 0 for all $\mathbf{x}\in S$’ or linear constraints on Borel measures. Such problems can be viewed as specific instances of the generalized moment problem (GMP), whose list of important applications in various domains of science and engineering is almost endless. We describe this methodology in optimization and also in two other applications for illustration. Finally we also introduce the Christoffel function and reveal its links with the Moment-SOS hierarchy and positive polynomials.

The numerical range in the quaternionic setting is, in general, a non-convex subset of the quaternions. The essential numerical range is a refinement of the numerical range that only keeps the elements that have, in a certain sense, infinite multiplicity. We prove that the essential numerical range of a bounded linear operator on a quaternionic Hilbert space is convex. A quaternionic analogue of Lancaster theorem, relating the closure of the numerical range and its essential numerical range, is also provided.

We are interested in the optimal growth in terms of Lp-averages of hypercyclic and $\mathcal{U}$-frequently hypercyclic functions for some weighted Taylor shift operators acting on the space of analytic functions on the unit disc. We unify the results obtained by considering intermediate notions of upper frequent hypercyclicity between $\mathcal{U}$-frequent hypercyclicity and hypercyclicity.

We introduce and study Dirichlet-type spaces $\mathcal D(\mu _1, \mu _2)$ of the unit bidisc $\mathbb D^2,$ where $\mu _1, \mu _2$ are finite positive Borel measures on the unit circle. We show that the coordinate functions $z_1$ and $z_2$ are multipliers for $\mathcal D(\mu _1, \mu _2)$ and the complex polynomials are dense in $\mathcal D(\mu _1, \mu _2).$ Further, we obtain the division property and solve Gleason’s problem for $\mathcal D(\mu _1, \mu _2)$ over a bidisc centered at the origin. In particular, we show that the commuting pair $\mathscr M_z$ of the multiplication operators $\mathscr M_{z_1}, \mathscr M_{z_2}$ on $\mathcal D(\mu _1, \mu _2)$ defines a cyclic toral $2$-isometry and $\mathscr M^*_z$ belongs to the Cowen–Douglas class $\mathbf {B}_1(\mathbb D^2_r)$ for some $r>0.$ Moreover, we formulate a notion of wandering subspace for commuting tuples and use it to obtain a bidisc analog of Richter’s representation theorem for cyclic analytic $2$-isometries. In particular, we show that a cyclic analytic toral $2$-isometric pair T with cyclic vector $f_0$ is unitarily equivalent to $\mathscr M_z$ on $\mathcal D(\mu _1, \mu _2)$ for some $\mu _1,\mu _2$ if and only if $\ker T^*,$ spanned by $f_0,$ is a wandering subspace for $T.$

We consider the range inclusion and the diagonalization in the Jordan algebra $\mathcal {S}_C$ of C-symmetric operators, that are, bounded linear operators T satisfying $CTC =T^{*}$, where C is a conjugation on a separable complex Hilbert space $\mathcal H$. For $T\in \mathcal {S}_C$, we aim to describe the set $C_{\mathcal {R}(T)}$ of those operators $A\in \mathcal {S}_C$ satisfying the range inclusion $\mathcal {R}(A)\subset \mathcal {R}(T)$. It is proved that (i) $C_{\mathcal {R}(T)}=T\mathcal {S}_C T$ if and only if $\mathcal {R}(T)$ is closed, (ii) $\overline {C_{\mathcal {R}(T)}}=\overline {T\mathcal {S}_C T}$, and (iii) $C_{\overline {\mathcal {R}(T)}}$ is the closure of $C_{\mathcal {R}(T)}$ in the strong operator topology. Also, we extend the classical Weyl–von Neumann Theorem to $\mathcal {S}_C$, showing that every self-adjoint operator in $\mathcal {S}_C$ is the sum of a diagonal operator in $\mathcal {S}_C$ and a compact operator with arbitrarily small Schatten p-norm for $p\in (1,\infty )$.

Consider the multiplication operator MB in $L^2(\mathbb{T})$, where the symbol B is a finite Blaschke product. In this article, we characterize the commutant of MB in $L^2(\mathbb{T})$. As an application of this characterization result, we explicitly determine the class of conjugations commuting with $M_{z^2}$ or making $M_{z^2}$ complex symmetric by introducing a new class of conjugations in $L^2(\mathbb{T})$. Moreover, we analyse their properties while keeping the whole Hardy space, model space and Beurling-type subspaces invariant. Furthermore, we extended our study concerning conjugations in the case of finite Blaschke products.

We study symmetric and antisymmetric tensor products of Hilbert-space operators, focusing on norms and spectra for some well-known classes favored by function-theoretic operator theorists. We pose many open questions that should interest the field.

We improve and expand in two directions the theory of norms on complex matrices induced by random vectors. We first provide a simple proof of the classification of weakly unitarily invariant norms on the Hermitian matrices. We use this to extend the main theorem in Chávez, Garcia, and Hurley (2023, Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 66, 808–826) from exponent $d\geq 2$ to $d \geq 1$. Our proofs are much simpler than the originals: they do not require Lewis’ framework for group invariance in convex matrix analysis. This clarification puts the entire theory on simpler foundations while extending its range of applicability.

We prove that for a homogeneous linear partial differential operator $\mathcal {A}$ of order $k \le 2$ and an integrable map $f$ taking values in the essential range of that operator, there exists a function $u$ of special bounded variation satisfying

\[ \mathcal{A} u(x)= f(x) \qquad \text{almost everywhere}. \]

$\mathbf {R}^N$

$0 \le m < N$

$m$

$(m+1)$

Let $H^{\infty}(\Omega,X)$ be the space of bounded analytic functions $f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} x_{n}z^{n}$ from a proper simply connected domain Ω containing the unit disk $\mathbb{D}:=\{z\in \mathbb{C}:|z| \lt 1\}$ into a complex Banach space X with $\left\lVert f\right\rVert_{H^{\infty}(\Omega,X)} \leq 1$. Let $\phi=\{\phi_{n}(r)\}_{n=0}^{\infty}$ with $\phi_{0}(r)\leq 1$ such that $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \phi_{n}(r)$ converges locally uniformly with respect to $r \in [0,1)$. For $1\leq p,q \lt \infty$, we denote

\begin{equation*}R_{p,q,\phi}(f,\Omega,X)= \sup \left\{r \geq 0: \left\lVert x_{0}\right\rVert^p \phi_{0}(r) + \left(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \left\lVert x_{n}\right\rVert\phi_{n}(r)\right)^q \leq \phi_{0}(r)\right\}\end{equation*}

\begin{equation*}R_{p,q,\phi}(\Omega,X)=\inf \left\{R_{p,q,\phi}(f,\Omega,X): \left\lVert f\right\rVert_{H^{\infty}(\Omega,X)} \leq 1\right\}.\end{equation*}

$R_{p,q,\phi}(\Omega,X)$

$X=\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})$

$\mathcal{H}$

Gramsch and Lay [8] gave spectral mapping theorems for the Dunford-Taylor calculus of a closed linear operator $T$,

\[ \widetilde{\sigma}_i(f(T)) = f(\widetilde{\sigma}_i(T)), \]

$\widetilde {\sigma }_i$

$f$

$f$

$\widetilde \sigma$

We revisit tensor algebras of subproduct systems with Hilbert space fibers, resolving some open questions in the case of infinite-dimensional fibers. We characterize when a tensor algebra can be identified as the algebra of uniformly continuous noncommutative functions on a noncommutative homogeneous variety or, equivalently, when it is residually finite-dimensional: this happens precisely when the closed homogeneous ideal associated with the subproduct system satisfies a Nullstellensatz with respect to the algebra of uniformly continuous noncommutative functions on the noncommutative closed unit ball. We show that – in contrast to the finite-dimensional case – in the case of infinite-dimensional fibers, this Nullstellensatz may fail. Finally, we also resolve the isomorphism problem for tensor algebras of subproduct systems: two such tensor algebras are (isometrically) isomorphic if and only if their subproduct systems are isomorphic in an appropriate sense.

In this paper, we mainly investigate the well-posedness of the four-order degenerate differential equation ($P_4$): $(Mu)''''(t) + \alpha (Lu)'''(t) + (Lu)''(t)$ $=\beta Au(t) + \gamma Bu'(t) + Gu'_t + Fu_t + f(t),\,( t\in [0,\,2\pi ])$ in periodic Lebesgue–Bochner spaces $L^p(\mathbb {T}; X)$ and periodic Besov spaces $B_{p,q}^s\;(\mathbb {T}; X)$, where $A$, $B$, $L$ and $M$ are closed linear operators on a Banach space $X$ such that $D(A)\cap D(B)\subset D(M)\cap D(L)$ and $\alpha,\,\beta,\,\gamma \in \mathbb {C}$, $G$ and $F$ are bounded linear operators from $L^p([-2\pi,\,0];X)$ (respectively $B_{p,q}^s([-2\pi,\,0];X)$) into $X$, $u_t(\cdot ) = u(t+\cdot )$ and $u'_t(\cdot ) = u'(t+\cdot )$ are defined on $[-2\pi,\,0]$ for $t\in [0,\, 2\pi ]$. We completely characterize the well-posedness of ($P_4$) in the above two function spaces by using known operator-valued Fourier multiplier theorems.

In this article, the question of whether the Löwner partial order on the positive cone of an operator algebra is determined by the norm of any arbitrary Kubo–Ando mean is studied. The question was affirmatively answered for certain classes of Kubo–Ando means, yet the general case was left as an open problem. We here give a complete answer to this question, by showing that the norm of every symmetric Kubo–Ando mean is order-determining, i.e., if $A,B\in \mathcal B(H)^{++}$ satisfy $\Vert A\sigma X\Vert \le \Vert B\sigma X\Vert $ for every $X\in \mathcal {A}^{{++}}$, where $\mathcal A$ is the C*-subalgebra generated by $B-A$ and I, then $A\le B$.

We discuss how countable subadditivity of operators can be derived from subadditivity under mild forms of continuity, and provide examples manifesting such circumstances.

We prove that a finite set of natural numbers J satisfies that $J\cup \{0\}$ is not Sidon if and only if for any operator T, the disjoint hypercyclicity of $\{T^j:j\in J\}$ implies that T is weakly mixing. As an application we show the existence of a non-weakly mixing operator T such that $T\oplus T^2\oplus\cdots \oplus T^n$ is hypercyclic for every n.