Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T14:41:44.897Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 9 - Electrophysiologic Monitoring in the Neurocritical Care Unit

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2019

By
Anh T. Nguyen  and
Asma Zakaria
Edited by
Michel T. Torbey
Michel T. Torbey
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Get access

Summary

The last two decades have witnessed a remarkable reinvention of the role of the neurologist, from an outpatient consultant to a critical presence in the inpatient setting. Spotting a neurologist in an emergency room or intensive care unit is no longer incongruous, rather an expectation of their relatively new roles as acute stroke doctors and neurointensivists. With this shift in patient care setting came a shift in research and many questions that have plagued the neurologic community for decades have resurfaced. The groundbreaking neurophysiologic discoveries of the previous century have armed us with an understanding of how the normal neuron functions. Now, in the inpatient, critically ill population, we once again find ourselves wondering what is happening within the shroud of the skull.

Type
Chapter
Information
Neurocritical Care , pp. 86 - 91
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bennett, DR, Hughes, JR, Korein, J, Merlis, JK, Suter, C (1976). Atlas of Electroencephalography in Coma and Cerebral Death. EEG at the Bedside or in the Intensive Care Unit. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders (1980). The NINCDS Collaborative Study of Brain Death. NINCDS Monograph No. 24, NIH Publication No. 81–2286.Google Scholar
Hirsch, LJ, LaRoche, SM, Gaspard, N, et al. (2013). American Clinical Neurophysiology Society’s standardized critical care EEG terminology: 2012 version. J Clin Neurophysiol 30(1): 1–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Privitera, M, Hoffman, M, Moore, JL, Jester, D (1994). EEG detection of nontonic-clonic status epilepticus in patients with altered consciousness. Epilepsy Res 18 (2): 155–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oddo, M, Carrera, E, Claassen, J, Mayer, SA, Hirsch, LJ (2009). Continuous electroencephalography in the medical intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 37: 2051–2056.Google Scholar
Kurtz, P, Gaspard, N, Wahl, AS, et al. (2014). Continuous electroencephalography in a surgical intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 40(2): 228–234.Google Scholar
Claassen, J, Mayer, SA, Kowalski, RG, et al. (2004). Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients. Neurology 62: 1743–1748.Google Scholar
Bladin, CF, Alexandrov, AV, Bellavance, A, et al. (2000). Seizures after stroke: a prospective multicenter study. Arch Neurol 57(11): 1617–1622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Herdt, V, Dumont, F, Hénon, H, et al. (2011). Early seizures in intracerebral hemorrhage: incidence, associated factors, and outcome. Neurology 77: 1794–1800.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vespa, PM, O'Phelan, K, Shah, M, et al. (2003). Acute seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage A factor in progressive midline shift and outcome. Neurology 60(9): 1441–1446.Google Scholar
Yablon, SA (1993). Posttraumatic seizures. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 74: 983–1001.Google Scholar
Friedman, D, Claassen, J, Hirsch, LJ (2009). Continuous electroencephalogram monitoring in the intensive care unit. Anesth Analg 109(2): 506–523.Google Scholar
DeLorenzo, RJ, Waterhouse, EJ, Towne, AR (1998). Persistent nonconvulsive status epilepticus after the control of convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsia 39: 833–840.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, CL, Dumont, AS, Lieu, AS, et al. (2003). Characterization of perioperative seizures and epilepsy following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 99(6): 978–985.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Claassen, J, Jette, N, Chum, F, et al. (2007). Electrographic seizures and periodic discharges after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 69: 1356–1365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Denier, C, Masnou, P, Mapoure, Y, et al. (2010). Watershed infarctions are more prone than other cortical infarcts to cause early-onset seizures. Arch Neurol 67(10): 1219–1223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutter, R, Stevens, RD, Kaplan, PW (2013). Continuous electroencephalographic monitoring in critically ill patients: indications, limitations, and strategies. Crit Care Med 41(4): 1124–1132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Englander, J, Bushnik, T, Duong, TT, et al. (2003). Analyzing risk factors for late posttraumatic seizures: a prospective, multicenter investigation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 84: 365–373Google Scholar
Temkin, NR, Dikmen, SS, Wilensky, AJ, et al. (1990). A randomized double-blind study of phenytoin for the prevention of post-traumatic seizures. N Engl J Med 323: 497–502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vespa, PM, Nuwer, MR, Nenov, V, et al. (1999). Increased incidence and impact of nonconvulsive and convulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury as detected by continuous EEG in the intensive care unit. J Neurosurg 91: 750–760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vespa, PM, Miller, C, McArthur, D, et al. (2007). Nonconvulsive electrographic seizures after traumatic brain injury result in a delayed, prolonged increase in intracranial pressure and metabolic crisis. Crit Care Med 35: 2830–2836.Google Scholar
Claassen, J, Mayer, S, Hirsch, L (2005). Continuous EEG monitoring in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Clin Neurophysiol 22: 92– 98.Google Scholar
Jirsch, J, Hirsch, LJ (2007). Nonconvulsive seizures: developing a rational approach to the diagnosis & management in the critically ill population. Clin Neurophysiol 118(8): 1660–1670.Google Scholar
Kühn, AL, Balami, JS, Grunwald, IQ (2013). Current management and treatment of cerebral vasospasm complicating SAH. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 12(2): 233–241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Academy of Neurology Prediction of outcome in comatose survivors after cardiopulmonary resuscutation http://tools.aan.com/professionals/practice/guidelines/coma_clinician.pdf (Accessed November 2018)Google Scholar
Cloostermans, MC, van Meulen, FB, Eertman, CJ, Hom, HW, van Putten, MJ (2012). Continuous electroencephalography monitoring for early prediction of neurological outcome in postanoxic patients after cardiac arrest: a prospective cohort study. Crit Care Med 40(10): 2867-2875.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hofmeijer, J, Tjepkema-Cloostermans, MC, van Putten, MJ et al. (2014). Burst-suppression with identical bursts: a distinct EEG pattern with poor outcome in postanoxic coma. Clin Neurophysiol 125(5): 947–957.Google Scholar
Claassen, Jan, Hirsch, LJ, Frontera, JA, et al. (2006). Prognostic significance of continuous EEG monitoring in patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 4(2): 103–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, GB, Kreeft, JH, McLachlan, RS, et al. (1999). EEG and clinical associations with mortality in comatose patients in a general intensive care unit. J Clin Neurophysiol 16:354–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddig, R, Nixdorf, K, Jensen, MB, et al. (2011). The prophylactic use of an antiepileptic drug in intracerebral hemorrhage. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 113(10): 895–897.Google Scholar
Naidech, AM, Garg, RK, Liebling, S, et al. (2009). Anticonvulsant use and outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 40: 3810–3815.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosengart, AJ, Huo, JD, Tolentino, J, et al. (2007). Outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage treated with antiepileptic drugs. J Neurosurg 107: 253–260.Google Scholar
Freye, E (2005). Cerebral monitoring in the operating room and the intensive care unit - an introductory for the clinician and a guide for the novice wanting to open a window to the brain. Part II: Sensory-evoked potentials (SSEP, AEP, VEP). J Clin Monit Comput 19(1–2): 77–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Putten, M (2012). The N20 in post-anoxic coma: Are you listening? Clinical Neurophysiology 123: 1460–1464.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×