Book contents
- Neurocritical Care
- Neurocritical Care
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Chapter 1 The Neurological Assessment of the Critically Ill Patient
- Chapter 2 Cerebral Blood Flow Physiology and Metabolism in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 3 Cerebral Edema and Intracranial Pressure in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 4 Hypothermia in the Neurocritical Care Unit: Physiology and Applications
- Chapter 5 Analgesia, Sedation, and Paralysis in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 6 Airway Management and Mechanical Ventilation in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 7 Neuropharmacology in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 8 Intracranial Monitoring in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 9 Electrophysiologic Monitoring in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 10 The Role of Transcranial Doppler as a Monitoring Tool in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 11 Ischemic Stroke in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 12 Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 13 Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 14 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 15 Status Epilepticus in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 16 Neuromuscular Disorders in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 17 Management of Head Trauma in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 18 Management of Autoimmune Encephalitis in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 19 Management of Cerebral Salt-Wasting Syndrome and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 20 Brain Death in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 21 Neuroterrorism and Drug Overdose in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 22 Infections of the Central Nervous System in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 23 Management of the Spinal Cord Injury in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 24 Postoperative Management in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 25 Ethical Considerations in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 26 Pulmonary Consult: Management of Severe Hypoxia in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 27 Management of Refractory Arrhythmias in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 28 An Infectious Diseases Consult in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 29 A Nephrology Consult in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 30 Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 31 Hypoxic Encephalopathy in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 32 Management of Delirium in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 33 Generalized Weakness in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 34 Management of Severely Brain-Injured Patients Recovering from Coma in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 35 Acute Demyelinating Disorders in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 36 Building a Case for a Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 37 Neurointensive (NCCU) Care Business Planning
- Index
- References
Chapter 17 - Management of Head Trauma in the Neurocritical Care Unit
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 July 2019
- Neurocritical Care
- Neurocritical Care
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Chapter 1 The Neurological Assessment of the Critically Ill Patient
- Chapter 2 Cerebral Blood Flow Physiology and Metabolism in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 3 Cerebral Edema and Intracranial Pressure in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 4 Hypothermia in the Neurocritical Care Unit: Physiology and Applications
- Chapter 5 Analgesia, Sedation, and Paralysis in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 6 Airway Management and Mechanical Ventilation in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 7 Neuropharmacology in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 8 Intracranial Monitoring in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 9 Electrophysiologic Monitoring in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 10 The Role of Transcranial Doppler as a Monitoring Tool in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 11 Ischemic Stroke in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 12 Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 13 Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 14 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 15 Status Epilepticus in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 16 Neuromuscular Disorders in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 17 Management of Head Trauma in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 18 Management of Autoimmune Encephalitis in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 19 Management of Cerebral Salt-Wasting Syndrome and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 20 Brain Death in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 21 Neuroterrorism and Drug Overdose in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 22 Infections of the Central Nervous System in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 23 Management of the Spinal Cord Injury in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 24 Postoperative Management in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 25 Ethical Considerations in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 26 Pulmonary Consult: Management of Severe Hypoxia in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 27 Management of Refractory Arrhythmias in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 28 An Infectious Diseases Consult in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 29 A Nephrology Consult in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 30 Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 31 Hypoxic Encephalopathy in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 32 Management of Delirium in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 33 Generalized Weakness in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 34 Management of Severely Brain-Injured Patients Recovering from Coma in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 35 Acute Demyelinating Disorders in the Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 36 Building a Case for a Neurocritical Care Unit
- Chapter 37 Neurointensive (NCCU) Care Business Planning
- Index
- References
Summary
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common and a major health and socioeconomic problem worldwide. In the United States it is estimated that someone suffers a TBI every 15 seconds and that >2% of the population lives with TBI-associated disability. TBI is a heterogeneous disease in cause, pathology, severity, clinical presentation and prognosis that may occur in isolation or be associated with other extracranial injuries. Despite much research and success in animal studies, effective drug therapies are missing in clinical trials [1–3]. Instead TBI management is centered on the early identification and removal of mass lesions and on the detection, prevention, and management of secondary brain insults such as hypotension, hypoxia, seizures, and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), among others, that evolve over time following the primary injury. Hence management in the neurocritical care unit (NCCU) can have a significant impact on patient outcome. Much of this care has been codified in various guidelines published by organizations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence in the United Kingdom or the Brain Trauma Foundation and Neurocritical Care Society in the United States [4–8]. In this chapter we will briefly review the classification, pathology, and pathophysiology of TBI, provide indications for surgical intervention, and discuss important aspects of critical care. Several topics, e.g. cerebral blood flow (CBF), ICP, monitoring, ventilation, sedation, and brain death, are also enlarged upon in other chapters in this book. We will concentrate on moderate and severe TBI in adults since it is these patients who usually require intensive care. The reader is referred elsewhere for recent reviews on concussion, mild TBI, and care of pediatric TBI [9–17].
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- Neurocritical Care , pp. 199 - 232Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2019