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Villes portuaires et réseaux marchands en Chine, au Japon et en Asie du Sud-Est: commerce, piraterie et géopolitique

from Les acteurs de la dynamique maritime

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2017

François Gipouloux
Affiliation:
Research Director at the CNRS
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Summary

RÉSUMÉ. Cet espace de l'Asie de l'est comprend trois ensembles articulés, les zones côtières du sudest de la Chine, la dorsale insulaire du Japon à Java et un chapelet de villes-entrepôts et de ports pour le commerce au loin. Pour la Chine, la mer est source de menace, mais apparaît aussi comme source de richesse. Les routes maritimes forment un réseau transnational dense où les ports et points d'appui sont intégrés et dominés par quelques grands ports comme Macao, Batavia, Taiwan. Mais les Qing se repliant sur une position continentale et les échanges commerciaux avec les étrangers se polarisant sur Canton, le commerce privé des jonques chinoises va décliner dès la fin du XVIIe siècle et davantage encore après 1760.

ABSTRACT. Maritime east Asia is comprised of three articulated groups: the coastal zones of southeast China, the island arc from Japan to Java, and a string of distant warehouse-cities and trade ports. For China, the sea was not only predominantly seen as a source of threat, but also as a source of wealth. The maritime routes form a dense transnational network in which the ports and pressure points were integrated and dominated by several large ports such as Macao, Batavia, and Taiwan. But with the Qing falling back on a continental position and commercial exchanges with foreigners focusing on Canton, private trade by Chinese junks declined from the end of the 17th century and even more after 1760.

Du XVIe siècle au début du XIXe siècle, la façade maritime de l'Asie de l'est apparaît comme une succession de bassins dont les frontières, flexibles, se recouvrent partiellement : mer d'Okhotsk, mer du Japon, golfe du Bohai, mer Jaune, mer de Chine du Sud. Ce système se prolonge à l'ouest en direction de l'océan Indien via le détroit de Malacca, et à l'est, vers la mer de Java, la mer de Sulu, la mer des Célèbes, la mer d'Ambon, la mer de Corail et la mer de Tasman.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

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