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The crews' costs and the success of the Northern European fleets' penetration in the Mediterranean (16th–17th centuries)

from Les acteurs de la dynamique maritime

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2017

Maria Fusaro
Affiliation:
University of Exeter
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Summary

ABSTRACT. This essay contests the traditional view of the declining importance of the Mediterranean during the early modern period, and argues instead that the arrival of English and Flemish ships in the Mediterranean, from the last quarter of the sixteenth century, opened a most interesting period of jurisdictional confrontation between Northern and Southern European states active in the region. The growing internationalization of the Mediterranean brought to the fore fundamental differences in seamen's contractual conditions and financial treatment between the North and the South of Europe, thus engendering tension between states all eager to extend their own jurisdiction onto their own maritime subjects. These tensions frequently involved diplomatic missions attempting to find political solutions to the growth of litigation between merchants, captains and crews. These court cases highlighted the profound transnationality of Mediterranean maritime trade.

RÉSUMÉ. Après avoir contesté la thèse déjà ancienne du déclin de l'espace méditerranéen, cet article tourne autour de l'arrivée des navires anglais et hollandais en Méditerranée. Cet afflux de navires accentue l'internationalisation des flottes et des équipages mais pose le problème de la complexité des conditions d'engagement et de solde du fait des différences importantes entre les pratiques du nord et du sud. Les débats, notamment sur le paiement des soldes, sont au coeur des conflits et des tentatives des pays du nord, l'Angleterre surtout, pour garder les marins du nord sous leur juridiction jusqu'en Méditerranée. Le dossier est si sensible qu'il devient politique et diplomatique tant les litiges sont complexes et fréquents car les marins eux-mêmes ne raisonnaient pas uniquement dans leur cadre national mais dans un cadre transnational qui était celui du marché maritime de Méditerranée.

Since the middle of the twentieth century, the traditional historiographical interpretation of the Mediterranean during the early modern period saw it as a spent force, losing its centrality in European history – maritime or otherwise – and condemned to a long and irredeemable decline. A fundamental role in the development of this interpretation was played by Fernand Braudel himself – the ‘father’ of Mediterranean history – who dated Mediterranean decline as starting at the time of the battle of Lepanto (1571), or at the latest since the 1620s.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

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