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Sailors in the Atlantic fleets in the age of revolution

from Les acteurs de la dynamique maritime

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2017

Niklas Frykman
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
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Summary

ABSTRACT. In the 18th century, a strong contrast existed between the continually degrading conditions on board merchant and long-distance fishing vessels, which led to a real proletarianisation of the seamen, and hence to work conflicts, and the relative social harmony on warships, as seen by the number of suppressed mutinies. In fact, the intensification of long-distance maritime exchanges, by way of mobilising fleets and men en masse, created an international market for seamen and brought about tense situations when very radical claims were made on board merchant and war ships. The wars and their political character only served to exacerbate the tensions on board to the point of causing insurrections.

RÉSUMÉ. A l'échelle du XVIIIe siècle, il y a un contraste fort entre la dégradation continue de la situation à bord des navires marchands et de grande pêche qui se traduit par une véritable prolétarisation des gens de mer qui nourrit des conflits du travail et la relative paix sociale sur les navires du guerre si l'on se réfère au recensement des mutineries réprimées. En fait, l'intensification des échanges maritimes au long cours, en mobilisant massivement des flottes et des hommes, a créé un marché international des gens de mer et des situations tendues avec des revendications très radicales sur les navires de commerce et de guerre. Les guerres et leurs caractères politiques ne pouvaient qu'aggraver les tensions à bord jusqu'à créer des situations quasi insurrectionnelles.

European navies had long been preparing for the war that finally came in 1793. For over a century already, Britain and France had been locked in a fierce struggle for global maritime supremacy, which eventually pulled every country with overseas aspirations into its violent orbit. Following the stunning success of British naval aggression in the wars of the 1740s and 1750s, the Atlantic arms race took off in earnest. Britain's navy, secure in its vast superiority, continued to grow only by a comparatively modest 26% over the next three decades, but France and Spain each nearly doubled their fleets during the same period, as did the Dutch Republic. The Russian navy, divided into a Baltic and Black Sea command, more than tripled in size.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

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