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Epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis: a comparative serological study of dogs and foxes in Amazon Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

O. Courtenay ,
D. W. Macdonald ,
R. Lainson ,
J. J. Shaw  and
C. Dyes
O. Courtenay
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WCJE 7HT, UK Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, Oxford OXI 3PS, UK
D. W. Macdonald
Affiliation:
Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, Oxford OXI 3PS, UK
R. Lainson
Affiliation:
Wellcome Parasitology Unit, Instituto Evandro Chagas, C. P. 3, 66.000, Belém, Pará, Brazil
J. J. Shaw
Affiliation:
Wellcome Parasitology Unit, Instituto Evandro Chagas, C. P. 3, 66.000, Belém, Pará, Brazil Instituto de Cieências Biomédaicas, Departmento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
C. Dyes
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WCJE 7HT, UK
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Summary

The paper describes a longitudinal field study of canine leishmaniasis in sympatric domestic dog and crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) populations. Dogs were studied in house-to-house surveys, and foxes were studied by live-trapping and radio-telemetry. Because serological tests (IFAT in this case) for leishmaniasis are often of uncertain sensitivity and specificity, we draw conclusions comparatively. Both cross-sectional (age–prevalence) and longitudinal analyses indicate that incidence in dogs was highest in the dry season. Seasonal changes in the age–prevalence relationship for dogs suggest that serological conversion and recovery rates decline with prior exposure to infection, where ‘recovery’ may be due to loss of a positive antibody titre or death from leishmaniasis. The mean incidence in dogs was higher in the rural than in the urban population and higher in hunting dogs than pet dogs. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of fox serological data suggest that foxes remain positive for longer than dogs on average, either because detectable antibody is more persistent or because they experience a lower mortality rate due to leishmaniasis.

Keywords

canine leishmaniasisepidemiologyserologydogCerdocyon thousBrazil
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 109 , Issue 3 , September 1994 , pp. 273 - 279
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

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