Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T10:35:46.721Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Trace fossils from Late Precambrian Carolina slate belt, south-central North Carolina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2016

Gail G. Gibson*
Affiliation:
Mathematics and Science Education Center, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte 28223

Abstract

The volcanosedimentary sequence of the Carolina slate belt in south-central North Carolina was long thought to be unfossiliferous; however, the 5,484–7,315 meters of dominantly evenly bedded siltstones and mudstones have recently yielded body fossils of the late Precambrian Ediacarian fauna and a Middle Cambrian trilobite assemblage. Ongoing stratigraphic studies in the Carolina slate belt of southern North Carolina have now revealed trace fossils representing the ichnotaxa Gordia arcuata?, ?Helminthopsis sp., Monocraterion sp., Neonerites biserialis, N. uniserialis, ?Neonerites sp., Planolites beverlyensis, P. montanus, ?Planolites sp., Syringomorpha nilssoni?,? Tomaculum sp., Torrowangea sp., and three additional indeterminate ichnogenera. These trace fossils, lacking ornamentation and complex patterns, compare favorably with ichnofossil assemblages from Late Proterozoic stratigraphic sequences (Ichnofossil Zone I) elsewhere and support the late Precambrian age interpretation for the Carolina slate belt in south-central North Carolina.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alpert, S. P. 1975. Planolites and Skolithos from the upper Precambrian-Lower Cambrian, White-Inyo Mountains, California. Journal of Paleontology, 49:508521.Google Scholar
Alpert, S. P. 1977. Trace fossils and the basal Cambrian boundary, p. 17. In Crimes, T. P. and Harper, J. C. (eds.), Trace Fossils 2. Geological Journal Special Issue 9, Seel House Press, Liverpool.Google Scholar
Billings, E. 1862. New species of fossils from different parts of the Lower, Middle, and Upper Silurian rocks of Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Paleozoic Fossils, 1:96168.Google Scholar
Black, W. W. 1978. Chemical characteristics and Rb/Sr ages of meta-volcanics from the Carolina slate belt of North Carolina. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 10:162–63.Google Scholar
Bourland, W. C., and Rigby, J. K. 1982. Sponge spicules from early Paleozoic rocks of the Carolina slate belt, p. 125132. In Bearce, D. N. et al. (eds.), Tectonic Studies in the Talladega and Carolina Slate Belts, Southern Appalachian Orogen. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 191.Google Scholar
Butler, J. R., and Fullagar, P. D. 1975. The Carolina slate belt in North Carolina and northeastern South Carolina: a review. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 11:172.Google Scholar
Cloud, P., Wright, J., and Glover, L. III. 1976. Traces of animal life from 620-million-year-old rocks from North Carolina. American Scientist, 64:396406.Google Scholar
Conley, J. F. 1960. Impressions resembling worm burrows in rock of the Carolina Volcanic-Sedimentary Group, Stanly County, North Carolina. Southeastern Geology, 1:133137.Google Scholar
Conley, J. F., and Bain, G. L. 1965. Geology of the Carolina slate belt, west of Deep River-Wadesboro Triassic Basin, North Carolina. Southeastern Geology, 6:117138.Google Scholar
Cowie, J. W., and Cribb, S. J. 1978. The Cambrian System. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Studies in Geology, 6:355362.Google Scholar
Cowie, J. W., Cribb, S. J., and Johnson, M. R. W. 1985. Late Precambrian and Cambrian geological time-scale, p. 4764. In Snelling, N. J. (ed.), The Chronology of the Geological Record. Geological Society of London, Memoir 10.Google Scholar
Crimes, T. P. 1987. Trace fossils and correlation of the late Precambrian and early Cambrian strata. Geological Magazine, 124:97119.Google Scholar
Crimes, T. P., and Anderson, M. M. 1985. Trace fossils from Late Precambrian-Early Cambrian strata of southeastern Newfoundland (Canada): temporal and environmental implications. Journal of Paleontology, 59:310343.Google Scholar
Crimes, T. P., Anderson, M. M., and Germs, G. J. B. 1982. Trace fossils from the Nama Group (Precambrian-Cambrian) of Southwest Africa (Namibia). Journal of Paleontology, 56:890907.Google Scholar
Crimes, T. P., Anderson, M. M., Legg, I., Marcos, A., and Arbolyea, M. 1977. Late Precambrian-low Lower Cambrian trace fossils from Spain, p. 91138. In Crimes, T. P. and Harper, J. C. (eds.), Trace Fossils 2. Geological Journal Special Issue 9, Seel House Press, Liverpool.Google Scholar
Emmons, E. 1856. Geological Report of the Midland Counties of North Carolina. G. P. Putnam Co., New York, Turner, H. D., Raleigh, N. C., 352 p.Google Scholar
Emmons, M. A. 1844. The Taconic System. Albany, New York, 68 p.Google Scholar
Fedonkin, M. A. 1977. Precambrian-Cambrian ichnocoenoses of the eastern European Platform, p. 183194. In Crimes, T. P. and Harper, J. C. (eds.), Trace Fossils 2. Geological Journal Special Issue 9, Seel House Press, Liverpool.Google Scholar
Fritz, W. H., and Crimes, T. P. 1985. Lithology, trace fossils, and correlation of Precambrian-Cambrian boundary beds, Cassiar Mountains, north-central British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 83-13, 24 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, G. G. 1985. Sedimentary structures of the late Precambrian Albemarle Group, Carolina slate belt, south-central North Carolina. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 17:92.Google Scholar
Gibson, G. G., and Teeter, S. A. 1984. A stratigrapher's view of the Carolina slate belt, south-central North Carolina. Carolina Geological Society, 1984 Field Trip Guidebook, 43 p.Google Scholar
Gibson, G. G., Teeter, S. A., and Fedonkin, M. A. 1984. Ediacarian fossils from the Carolina slate belt, Stanly County, North Carolina. Geology, 12:387390.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glover, L. III, and Sinha, A. K. 1973. The Virgilina deformation, a late Precambrian to early Cambrian orogenic event in the central Piedmont of Virginia and North Carolina. American Journal of Science, 273-A:234251.Google Scholar
Groom, T. 1902. The sequence of the Cambrian and associated beds of the Malvern Hills. Geological Society of London Quarterly Journal, 58:89149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Häntzschel, W. 1975. Trace fossils and problematica, p. 1269. In Teichert, C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. W, Miscellanea, Supplement I. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Harris, C. W., and Glover, L. III. 1985. The Virgilina deformation: implications of stratigraphic correlation in the Carolina slate belt. Carolina Geological Soceity 1985 Field Trip Guidebook, 58 p.Google Scholar
Heer, O. 1877. Flora Fossilis Helvetiae. Die vorweltliche Flora der Schweiz. J. Wurster & Co., Zurich, 182 p.Google Scholar
Hills, F. A., and Butler, J. R. 1969. Rubidium-strontium dates for some rhyolites from the Carolina slate belt of the North Carolina Piedmont. Geological Society of America, Abstracts for 1968, Special Paper 21, p. 445.Google Scholar
Hofmann, H. J. 1972. Systematically branching burrows from the Lower Ordovician (Quebec Group) near Quebec, Canada. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 46:186198.Google Scholar
Huntsman, J. R., and Dockal, J. A. 1986. Utilization of sedimentation features to calibrate thrust fault displacements in turbidites of the Carolina Slate Belt. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 18:218.Google Scholar
Kish, S. A., and Black, W. W. 1982. The Carolina slate belt: origin and evolution of an ancient volcanic arc—introduction, p. 9397. In Bearce, D. N. et al. (eds.), Tectonic Studies in the Talladega and Carolina Slate Belts, Southern Appalachian Orogen. Geological Society of America Special Paper 191.Google Scholar
Ksiazkiewicz, M. 1977. Trace fossils in the flysch of the Polish Carpathians. Paleontologia Polonica, 36, 208 p.Google Scholar
LeHuray, A. P. 1987. U-Pb and Th-Pb whole-rock isochrons from metavolcanic rocks of the Carolina slate belt. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 99:354361.Google Scholar
Maher, H. D. Jr., Palmer, A. R., Secor, D. T. Jr., and Snoke, A. W. 1981. New trilobite locality in the piedmont of South Carolina and its regional implications. Geology, 9:3436.Google Scholar
McConnell, K. I., and Glover, L. III. 1982. Age and emplacement of the Flat River Complex, an Eocambrian sub-volcanic pluton near Durham, North Carolina, p. 133143. In Bearce, D. N. et al. (eds.), Tectonic Studies in the Talladega and Carolina Slate Belts, Southern Appalachian Orogen. Geological Society of America Special Paper 191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narbonne, G. M. 1988. Trace fossil biostratigraphy in the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary interval. In Landing, E. and Narbonne, G. M. (eds.), Trace Fossils, Small Shelly Fossils and the Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary. Proceedings, New York State Museum Bulletin 463 (in press).Google Scholar
Nathorst, A. G. 1886. Nouvelles observations sur des traces d'animaux et autres phénomènes d'origine purement mécanique déscrits comme Algues fossiles. K. Svenska Vetenskapsakad., Handl. 21, 58 p.Google Scholar
Nicholson, H. A. 1873. Contributions to the study of the errant annelids of the older Paleozoic rocks. Royal Society of London Proceedings, 21:288290.Google Scholar
North Carolina Geological Survey. 1985. Geologic Map of North Carolina. North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, Raleigh, N.C. 1 sheet, colored geologic map.Google Scholar
Pickerill, R. K., and Forbes, W. H. 1979. Ichnology of the Trenton Group in the Quebec City area. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 16:20222039.Google Scholar
Richter, R. 1927. Syringomorpha nilssoni (Torell) in norddeutschen Geschieben des schwedischen Cambriums, ein glazialgeologisch verwendbares Problematikum. Senckenbergiana, 9:260268.Google Scholar
Richter, R. 1937. Marken und Spuren aus alien Zeiten. Senckenbergiana, 19:150169.Google Scholar
Russell, G. S., Russell, C W., and Farrar, S. S. 1985. Alleghanian deformation and metamorphism in the eastern North Carolina piedmont. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 96:381387.Google Scholar
Secor, D. T. Jr., Samson, S. L., Snoke, A. W., and Palmer, A. R. 1983. Confirmation of the Carolina slate belt as an exotic terrane. Science, 221:649650.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seilacher, A. 1960. Lebensspuren als Leitfossilien. Geologische Rundschau, 49:4150.Google Scholar
St. Jean, J. 1973. A new Cambrian trilobite from the piedmont of North Carolina. American Journal of Science, 273-A:196216.Google Scholar
Stromquist, A. A., and Sundelius, H. W. 1969. Stratigraphy of the Albemarle Group of the Carolina slate belt in central North Carolina. United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1274-B, 22 p.Google Scholar
Torell, O. M. 1868. Bidrag till Sparagmitetagens geognosi och pa- leontologi. Acta Univ. Lundensis, Lunds Universitet Årsskrift, 4, 40 p.Google Scholar
Torell, O. M. 1870. Petrificata Suecana Formationis Cambricae. Acta Univ. Lundensis, Lunds Universitet Årsskrift, 6:114.Google Scholar
Webby, B. D. 1970. Late Precambrian trace fossils from New South Wales. Lethaia, 3:79109.Google Scholar
Williams, H., and Hatcher, R. D. Jr. 1982. Suspect terranes and accretionary history of the Appalachian Orogen. Geology, 10:530536.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, J. E., and Seiders, V. M. 1980. Age of zircon from volcanic rocks of the central North Carolina Piedmont and tectonic implications for the Carolina volcanic slate belt. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 91:287294.Google Scholar