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Executive functioning as a prospective moderator of the relations between maltreatment in childhood and externalizing symptoms and wellbeing from adolescence to young adulthood

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2024

Rafaella J. Jakubovic Open the ORCID record for Rafaella J. Jakubovic [Opens in a new window]  and
Deborah A. G. Drabick Open the ORCID record for Deborah A. G. Drabick [Opens in a new window]
Rafaella J. Jakubovic*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Deborah A. G. Drabick
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
*
Corresponding author: Rafaella J. Jakubovic; Email: rjakubovic@temple.edu
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Abstract

Although childhood maltreatment is associated with externalizing symptoms, not all individuals with these experiences develop externalizing behaviors and some exhibit positive adjustment. To address this multifinality, we used latent growth curve modeling to identify trajectories of (a) externalizing symptoms and (b) subjective wellbeing from late adolescence through young adulthood, determine whether types of childhood maltreatment and domains of executive functioning (EF) are associated with initial levels and growth (slopes) of externalizing symptoms or subjective wellbeing, and investigate whether EF moderates these relations. Participants were youth recruited at ages 10–12 (N = 775; 69% male, 31% female; 76% White, 21% Black/African American, 3% multiracial). We examined EF at ages 10–12, childhood maltreatment reported retrospectively at age 25, and externalizing symptoms and subjective wellbeing at multiple points between ages 16 and 28. Experience of childhood maltreatment and certain EF domains were associated with externalizing symptoms and subjective wellbeing at age 16. EF domains were associated with rate of change in externalizing problems, though not in expected directions. EF variables moderated the relation between maltreatment and initial levels of both outcomes and change in externalizing symptoms. Findings have implications for intervention efforts to mitigate externalizing problems and bolster positive adjustment.

Keywords

adolescenceexternalizing symptomsexecutive functioningmaltreatmentwellbeing
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , First View , pp. 1 - 19
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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