We present a general closed 4-point quadrature rule based on Euler-type identities. We use this rule to prove a generalization of Hadamard's inequalities for (2r)-convex functions (r ≥ 1).

Based on the theory of difference equations, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of eigenvalues and inverses of Toeplitz matrices with five different diagonals. In the course of derivations, we are also able to derive computational formulas for the eigenvalues, eigenvectors and inverses of these matrices. A number of explicit formulas are computed for illustration and verification.

In this paper, a function involving the divided difference of the psi function is proved to be completely monotonic, a class of inequalities involving sums is found, and an equivalent relation between complete monotonicity and one of the class of inequalities is established.

Two-dimensional gravity-capillary solitary waves propagating at the surface of a fluid of infinite depth are considered. The effects of gravity and of variable surface tension are included in the free-surface boundary condition. The numerical results extend the constant surface tension results of Vanden-Broeck and Dias to situations where the surface tension varies along the free surface.

We study the existence of extremal solutions for an infinite system of first-order discontinuous functional differential equations in the Banach space of the bounded functions I∞(M).

In this paper we describe an elementary method for calculating the matrix exponential on an arbitrary time scale. An example is also given to illustrate the result.

A recent paper by Leipnik and Pearce introduced the gamma Weibull distribution. One of the main properties given is its characteristic function, which is expressed as an infinite sum. In this note, we provide a simpler representation in terms of the well-known hypergeometric functions in some special cases. We also derive expressions for moments of the distribution.

This paper is concerned with constructing polynomial solutions to ordinary boundary value problems. A semi-analytic technique using two-point Hermite interpolation is compared with conventional methods via a series of examples and is shown to be generally superior, particularly for problems involving nonlinear equations and/or boundary conditions.

Three stochastic processes, the birth, death and birth-death processes, subject to immigration can be decomposed into the sum of each process in the absence of immigration and anindependent process. We examine these independent processes through their probability generating functions (pgfs) and derive their expectations.

In this paper we establish some generalizations of a weighted trapezoidal inequality for monotonic functions and give several applications for the r-moments, the expectation of a continuous random variable and the Beta and Gamma functions.

We consider the stability of solutions for a family of Dirichlet problems with (p, q)-growth conditions. We apply the results obtained to show continuous dependence on a functional parameter and the existence of an optimal solution in a control problem with state constraints governed by the p(x)-Laplacian equation.

The problem of surface water wave scattering by two thin nearly vertical barriers submerged in deep water from the same depth below the mean free surface and extending infinitely downwards is investigated here assuming linear theory, where configurations of the two barriers are described by the same shape function. By employing a simplified perturbational analysis together with appropriate applications of Green's integral theorem, first-order corrections to the reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained. As in the case of a single nearly vertical barrier, the first-order correction to the transmission coefficient is found to vanish identically, while the correction for the reflection coefficient is obtained in terms of a number of definite integrals involving the shape function describing the two barriers. The result for a single barrier is recovered when two barriers are merged into a single barrier.

This paper studies a class of impulsive switched systems with persistent bounded disturbance using robust attractor analysis and multiple Lyapunov functions. Some sufficient conditions for internal stability of the systems are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMI). Based on the results, a simple approach for the design of a feedback controller is presented to achieve a desired level of disturbance attenuation. Numerical examples are also worked out to illustrate the obtained results.

For Gauss–Turán quadrature formulae with an even weight function on the interval [−1, 1] and functions analytic in regions of the complex plane which contain in their interiors a circle of radius greater than I, the error term is investigated. In some particular cases we prove that the error decreases monotonically to zero. Also, for certain more general cases, we illustrate how to check numerically if this property holds. Some ℓ2-error estimates are considered.

A disease transmission model of SEIR type with exponential demographic structure is formulated, with a natural death rate constant and an excess death rate constant for infective individuals. The latent period is assumed to be constant, and the force of the infection is assumed to be of the standard form, namely, proportional to I(t)/N(t) where N(t) is the total (variable) population size and I(t) is the size of the infective population. The infected individuals are assumed not to be able to give birth and when an individual is removed fromthe I-class, it recovers, acquiring permanent immunity with probability f (0 ≤ f ≤ 1) and dies from the disease with probability 1 − f. The global attractiveness of the disease-free equilibrium, existence of the endemic equilibrium as well as the permanence criteria are investigated. Further, it is shown that for the special case of the model with zero latent period, R0 > 1 leads to the global stability of the endemic equilibrium, which completely answers the conjecture proposed by Diekmann and Heesterbeek.

We obtain a generalized discrete Hilbert and Hardy-Hilbert inequality with non-conjugate parameters by means of an Euler-Maclaurin summation formula. We derive some general results for homogeneous functions and compare our findings with existing results. We improve some earlier results and apply the results to some special homogeneous functions.

The state of a patient is an important concept in biomedical sciences. While analytical methods for predicting and exploring treatment strategies of disease dynamics have proven to have useful applications in public health policy and planning, the state of a patient has attracted less attention, at least mathematically. As a result, models constructed in relation to treatment strategies may not be very informative. We derive a patient-dependent parameter from an age-physiology dependent population model, and show that a single treatment strategy is not always optimal. Also, we derive a function which increases with the patient dependence parameter and describes the effort expended to be in good health.

The linear governing equations of a micropolar thermoelastic medium without energy dissipation are solved to show the existence of four plane waves in a two-dimensional model. The expressions for velocities of these plane waves are obtained. The boundary conditions at the free surface are used to obtain a system of four nonhomogeneous equations. These equations are solved numerically for a particular model to obtain reflection coefficients for the incidence of coupled longitudinal displacement and coupled transverse microrotational waves. These reflection coefficients as well as the energy ratios are computed and are shown graphically with the angle of incidence in the presence and absence of thermal effects.

We study the discrete asymptotic stability conditions of the perturbed system of first-order linear difference equations with periodic coefficients under the assumption that the related unperturbed system is discrete asymptotically stable. These conditions are dependent on the perturbation matrix B(n) itself and a different parameter is given for obtaining some estimates for the solutions of the unperturbed system.

A k-out-of-N:G reparable system with an arbitrarily distributed repair time is studied in this paper. We translate the system into an Abstract Cauchy Problem (ACP). Analysing the spectrum of the system operator helps us to prove the well-posedness and the asymptotic stability of the system.