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10 - Diatoms as indicators of hydrologic and climatic change in saline lakes

from Part II - Diatoms as indicators of environmental change in flowing waters and lakes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

By
Sheri C. Fritz ,
Brian F. Cumming ,
Françoise Gasse  and
Kathleen R. Laird
Edited by
John P. Smol  and
Eugene F. Stoermer
Sheri C. Fritz
Affiliation:
University of Nebraska
Brian F. Cumming
Affiliation:
Queen's University
Françoise Gasse
Affiliation:
Marseille University-CNRS-IRD
Kathleen R. Laird
Affiliation:
Queen's University
John P. Smol
Affiliation:
Queen's University, Ontario
Eugene F. Stoermer
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Summary

Introduction

Lakes are intricately tied to the climate system in that their water level and chemistry are a manifestation of the balance between inputs (precipitation, stream inflow, surface runoff, groundwater inflow) and outputs (evaporation, stream outflow, groundwater recharge) (Mason et al., 1994). Hence, changes in a lake's hydrologic budget caused by climatic change have the potential to alter lake level and lake chemistry. These changes, in turn, may affect the physiological responses and species composition of the lake's biota, including diatoms. Here we review the use of diatoms as indicators of hydrologic and climatic change, with an emphasis on environmental reconstruction in arid and semi-arid regions. First we discuss linkages among climate, hydrology, lake hydrochemistry, and diatoms that form the foundation for environmental reconstruction, and then we review selected examples of diatom-based studies.

Lake hydrology and hydrochemistry

Lakes vary in their hydrologic sensitivity to climatic change (Winter, 1990). In basins with a surface outlet, lake-level increase is constrained by topography, and any change in input is usually balanced by outflow. Thus, in open basins, lake level fluctuates relatively little, unless hydrologic change is sufficiently large to drop water level below the outlet level. In contrast, closed-basin lakes without surface outflow often show changes in level associated with changes in the balance between precipitation and evaporation (P – E).

Type
Chapter
Information
The Diatoms
Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences
 , pp. 186 - 208
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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