Background: The formation of pial-pial collateral network aneurysms due to carotid occlusion is a rare neurological phenomenon. This case details a 69-year-old male who developed a pial-pial collateral network aneurysm secondary to left internal carotid artery occlusion, leading to intracranial hemorrhage. Methods: The patient presented with altered consciousness due to left temporal intracerebral hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, and intraventricular hemorrhage. Cerebral angiography revealed an occluded left internal carotid artery, with superficial temporal artery (STA) and superior orbital artery anastomosis, and extensive pial-pial collaterals from the posterior temporal artery. A 4 mm aneurysm arising from this collateral network was identified. Surgical intervention involved a left temporal craniectomy and excision of the aneurysm, prioritizing the preservation of the STA. N.B., Informed patient consent was obtained in this study. Results: Successful aneurysm removal and preservation of collateral pathways were confirmed by postoperative imaging. The patient exhibited rapid neurological improvement; by postoperative day (POD) one, the patient showed limited response to stimuli. He was extubated by POD4 and discharged on POD27, where he conversed well, was independently ambulatory, and needed minimal to no assistance in activities of daily living. Conclusions: This case highlights the need for careful preoperative planning and intraoperative precision, especially in preserving vital collateral vascular pathways.

Echinococcosis poses a significant threat to public health. The Chinese government has implemented prevention and control measures to mitigate the impact of the disease. By analyzing data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, we found that implementation of these measures has reduced the infection rate by nearly 50% between 2004 to 2022 (from 0.3975 to 0.1944 per 100,000 person-years). Nonetheless, some regions still bear a significant disease burden, and lack of detailed information limites further evaluation of the effects on both alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. Our analysis supports the continuing implementation of these measures and suggests that enhanced wildlife management, case-based strategies, and surveillance systems will facilitate disease control.

Traditional active flutter suppression controllers are designed based on model. However, as the aircraft becomes more and more powerful, the modeling of aeroelastic system becomes difficult and the model-free requirement of controller design becomes more and more urgent. The complexity of industrial processes has brought about massive operational data generated online. Aviation industry development has entered the era of big data. Breaking through the traditional theoretical framework, mining the correlation, evolution and dynamic characteristics of the system from the data is the inevitable choice to meet this demand. In this paper, a data-driven model-free controller is designed, which relies on ridge regression of the input and output variation at each operating point of the closed-loop controlled system to recursively derive the iterative format of the control signals and ensure the numerical stability of the signals. The controller can only use the real-time measurement of the system’s online input and output data for continuous correction, to achieve the purpose of flutter suppression. Then flutter suppression of a three-degree-of-freedom binary wing with a control surface is studied, and the superiority of model-free controller is demonstrated by comparing it with the optimal controller.

We study a retirement savings plan with a default contribution rate of 12 percent of income, which is much higher than previously studied defaults. Twenty-five percent of employees had not opted out of this default 12 months after hire; a literature review finds that the corresponding fraction in plans with lower defaults is approximately one-half. Because only contributions above 12 percent were matched by the employer, 12 percent was likely to be a suboptimal contribution rate for employees. Employees who remained at the 12 percent default contribution rate had average income that was approximately one-third lower than would be predicted from the relationship between salaries and contribution rates among employees who were not at 12 percent. Defaults may influence low-income employees more strongly in part because these employees face higher psychological barriers to active decision making.

With the advent of deep, all-sky radio surveys, the need for ancillary data to make the most of the new, high-quality radio data from surveys like the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU), GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array survey eXtended, Very Large Array Sky Survey, and LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey is growing rapidly. Radio surveys produce significant numbers of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) and have a significantly higher average redshift when compared with optical and infrared all-sky surveys. Thus, traditional methods of estimating redshift are challenged, with spectroscopic surveys not reaching the redshift depth of radio surveys, and AGNs making it difficult for template fitting methods to accurately model the source. Machine Learning (ML) methods have been used, but efforts have typically been directed towards optically selected samples, or samples at significantly lower redshift than expected from upcoming radio surveys. This work compiles and homogenises a radio-selected dataset from both the northern hemisphere (making use of Sloan Digital Sky Survey optical photometry) and southern hemisphere (making use of Dark Energy Survey optical photometry). We then test commonly used ML algorithms such as k-Nearest Neighbours (kNN), Random Forest, ANNz, and GPz on this monolithic radio-selected sample. We show that kNN has the lowest percentage of catastrophic outliers, providing the best match for the majority of science cases in the EMU survey. We note that the wider redshift range of the combined dataset used allows for estimation of sources up to $z = 3$ before random scatter begins to dominate. When binning the data into redshift bins and treating the problem as a classification problem, we are able to correctly identify $\approx$76% of the highest redshift sources—sources at redshift $z > 2.51$—as being in either the highest bin ($z > 2.51$) or second highest ($z = 2.25$).

A multiple-vehicles time-coordination guidance technique based on deep learning is suggested to address the cooperative guiding problem of hypersonic gliding vehicle entry phase. A dual-parameter bank angle profile is used in longitudinal guiding to meet the requirements of time coordination. A vehicle trajectory database is constructed along with a deep neural network (DNN) structure devised to fulfill the error criteria, and a trained network is used to replace the conventional prediction approach. Moreover, an extended Kalman filter is constructed to detect changes in aerodynamic parameters in real time, and the aerodynamic parameters are fed into a DNN. The lateral guiding employs a logic for reversing the sign of bank angle, which is based on the segmented heading angle error corridor. The final simulation results demonstrate that the built DNN is capable of addressing the cooperative guiding requirements. The algorithm is highly accurate in terms of guiding, has a fast response time, and does not need inter-munition communication, and it is capable of solving guidance orders that satisfy flight requirements even when aerodynamic parameter disruptions occur.

Since 2018, the radiocarbon laboratory of Lanzhou University has been equipped with a compact accelerator mass spectrometer—a 200-KV mini carbon dating system (MICADAS), together with an auto graphitization equipment (AGE III). The laboratory has for a long time prepared graphite targets for 14C dating of plant fossils, charcoal, bones, and bulk organic matter. Herein, we give an overview of the operating status and performance of the dating facility. The long-term measurements of the standard and blank samples indicated that the results for MICADAS in Lanzhou University were accurate and stable and of high sensitivity. Fifteen sets of organic materials collected from archaeological sites in northwest China were selected for an inter-comparison study involving the participation of four specialist laboratories. The 14C dating results for the homogenized archaeological samples from several of the laboratories showed a high degree of consensus. The long-term performance and inter-comparison data for MICADAS confirmed that the radiocarbon laboratory of Lanzhou University could provide stable and accurate 14C dating results. In this context, the 14C dating results for a number of key archaeological/environmental samples were validated.

Planting patterns have significant effects on rice growth. Nonetheless, little is known about differences in annual crop yield and resource utilization among mechanized rice planting patterns in a rice–wheat cropping system. Field experiments were conducted from 2014 to 2017 using three treatments: pot seedling transplanting for rice and row sowing for wheat (PST-RS), carpet seedling transplanting for rice and row sowing for wheat (CST-RS) and row sowing for both crops (RS-RS). The results showed that, compared with RS-RS, PST-RS and CST-RS prolonged annual crop growth duration by 25–26 and 13–15 days, increased effective accumulated temperature by 399 and 212°C days and increased cumulative solar radiation by 454 and 228 MJ/m2 because of the earlier sowing of rice by 28 and 16 days in PST-RS and CST-RS, respectively. Compared with RS-RS, the annual crop yield of PST-RS and CST-RS increased by 3.1–3.8 and 2.0–2.6 t/ha, respectively, because of the increase in the number of spikelets/kernels per hectare, aboveground biomass, mean leaf area index and grain–leaf ratio. In addition, temperature production efficiency, solar radiation production efficiency and solar radiation use efficiency were higher in PST-RS, followed by CST-RS and RS-RS. These results suggest that mechanized rice planting patterns such as PST-RS increase annual crop production in rice–wheat cropping systems by increasing yield and solar energy utilization.

Background: A phase 3 trial, ADVANCE (NCT03777059), demonstrated that atogepant, an oral, CGRP receptor antagonist dosed once daily, results in clinically meaningful reductions in mean monthly migraine days. This open-label extension for ADVANCE trial completers evaluated long-term safety and tolerability of atogepant over 40-weeks. Methods: Participants in this trial (NCT03939312), rolled over from the ADVANCE trial, were treated with atogepant 60mg once daily for 40-weeks, with a 4-week safety follow-up. Only safety data were collected. Results: 685 participants took at least one dose of study drug, 74.6% completed the 40-week treatment period; mean age of 41.8 years, 88.2% female, 84.4% white, and mean BMI of 30.58 kg/m2. Mean (SD) treatment duration was 233.6 (89.32) days. 62.5% of participants experienced a treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE), with 8.8% considered treatment-related by the investigator; serious adverse events (SAEs) occurred in 3.4% of participants, none were treatment-related. The most frequent AEs leading to discontinuation was nausea (0.4%, n=3); the most frequent TEAEs observed included upper respiratory tract infection (5.5%, n=38) and urinary tract infection (5.3%, n=36). No deaths or hepatic safety issues were observed. Conclusions: Safety results are consistent with known safety profile of atogepant and support long-term safety and tolerability of once daily dosing of atogepant 60mg.

We give a new q-analogue of the (A.2) supercongruence of Van Hamme. Our proof employs Andrews’ multiseries generalisation of Watson’s $_{8}\phi _{7}$ transformation, Andrews’ terminating q-analogue of Watson’s $_{3}F_{2}$ summation, a q-Watson-type summation due to Wei–Gong–Li and the creative microscoping method, developed by the author and Zudilin [‘A q-microscope for supercongruences’, Adv. Math. 346 (2019), 329–358]. As a conclusion, we confirm a weaker form of Conjecture 4.5 by the author [‘Some generalizations of a supercongruence of van Hamme’, Integral Transforms Spec. Funct. 28 (2017), 888–899].

Enhanced fluctuations, steep gradients, and intensified heat transfer are characteristics of wall-bounded turbulence at transcritical conditions. Although such conditions are prevalent in numerous technical applications, the structure of the thermal boundary layer under realistic density gradients and heating conditions remains poorly understood. Specifically, statistical descriptions of the temperature field in such flows are provided inconsistently using existing models. To address this issue, direct numerical simulations are performed by considering fully developed transcritical turbulent channel flow at pressure and temperature conditions that cause density changes of a factor of up to $O(20)$ between the hot and cold walls. As a consequence of the proximity of the Widom line to the hot wall, significant asymmetries are observed when comparing regions near the cold wall and near the hot wall. Previous transformations that attempt to collapse the near-wall mean temperature profiles among different cases to a single curve are examined. By addressing model deficiencies of these transformations, a formulation for an improved mean temperature transformation is proposed, with appropriate considerations for real fluid effects that involve strong variations in thermodynamic quantities. Our proposed transformation is shown to perform well in collapsing the slope of the logarithmic region to a single universal value with reduced uncertainty. Coupled with a predictive framework to estimate the non-universal shift parameter of the logarithmic region using a priori information, our transformation provides an analytic profile to model the near-wall mean temperature. These results thus provide a framework to guide the development of models for wall-bounded transcritical turbulence.

In this study direct numerical simulations are employed to investigate the effects of various parameters on the laminar-flow-control capabilities of narrowly spaced streaks in a supersonic boundary layer at Mach $2.0$. Previous work by Sharma et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 873, 2019, pp. 1072–1089) has found these streak modes, excited by a spanwise blowing-and-suction strip, to be highly effective at delaying pure oblique-type breakdown. In the present work it is shown that spectrum-enriching subharmonic modes, relevant with increasing running-length Reynolds number, do not destroy the controlling mechanism, and also a complex breakdown scenario, triggered by a multi-frequency point source, is found to be effectively controlled. Moreover, the control-streak excitation by roughness elements is compared in detail with the blowing-and-suction method, revealing relevant differing features.