Jarius, S, Ruprecht, K, Wildemann, B, Kuempfel, T, Ringelstein, M, Geis, C, et al. Contrasting disease patterns in seropositive and seronegative neuromyelitis optica: A multicentre study of 175 patients. J Neuroinflammation 2012;9:14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wingerchuk, DM, Lennon, VA, Pittock, SJ, Lucchinetti, CF, Weinshenker, BG. Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica. Neurology May 23, 2006;66(10):1485–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jarius, S, Paul, F, Franciotta, D, Waters, P, Zipp, F, Hohlfeld, R, et al. Mechanisms of disease: aquaporin-4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica. Nat Clin Pract Neurol April 2008;4(4):202–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bennett, JL, Seze, J, Lana-Peixoto, M, Palace, J, Waldman, A, Schippling, S, et al. Neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis: Seeing differences through optical coherence tomography. Mult Scler February 6, 2015. pii: 1352458514567216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wingerchuk, DM, Hogancamp, WF, O’Brien, PC, Weinshenker, BG. The clinical course of neuromyelitis optica (Devic’s syndrome). Neurology September 22, 1999;53(5):1107–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Naismith, RT, Tutlam, NT, Xu, J, Klawiter, EC, Shepherd, J, Trinkaus, K, et al. Optical coherence tomography differs in neuromyelitis optica compared with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. March 24, 2009;72(12):1077–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ratchford, JN, Quigg, ME, Conger, A, Frohman, T, Frohman, EM, Balcer, LJ, et al. Optical coherence tomography helps differentiate neuromyelitis optica and MS optic neuropathies. Neurology July 28, 2009;73(4):302–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

De Seze, J, Blanc, F, Jeanjean, L, Zéphir, H, Labauge, P, Bouyon, M, et al. Optical coherence tomography in neuromyelitis optica. Arch Neurol July 2008;65(7):920–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bock, M, Brandt, AU, Dörr, J, Pfueller, CF, Ohlraun, S, Zipp, F, et al. Time domain and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a comparative cross-sectional study. Mult Scler Houndmills Basingstoke Engl. July 2010;16(7):893–6.Google ScholarPubMed

Oberwahrenbrock, T, Ringelstein, M, Jentschke, S, Deuschle, K, Klumbies, K, Bellmann-Strobl, J, et al. Retinal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thinning in clinically isolated syndrome. Mult Scler December 2013;19(14): 1885–95. doi: 10.1177/1352458513489757. Epub May 23, 2013.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Syc, SB, Saidha, S, Newsome, SD, Ratchford, JN, Levy, M, Ford, E, et al. Optical coherence tomography segmentation reveals ganglion cell layer pathology after optic neuritis. Brain J Neurol [Internet]. October 17, 2011 [cited December 6, 2011]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22006982Google Scholar

Sotirchos, ES, Saidha, S, Byraiah, G, Mealy, MA, Ibrahim, MA, Sepah, YJ, et al. In vivo identification of morphologic retinal abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology April 9, 2013;80(15):1406–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Monteiro, MLR, Fernandes, DB, Apóstolos-Pereira, SL, Callegaro, D. Quantification of retinal neural loss in patients with neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis with or without optic neuritis using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53(7):3959–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fernandes, DB, Raza, AS, Nogueira, RGF, Wang, D, Callegaro, D, Hood, DC, et al. Evaluation of inner retinal layers in patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica using optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. October 17, 2012;CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schneider, E, Zimmermann, H, Oberwahrenbrock, T, Kaufhold, F, Kadas, EM, Petzold, A, et al. Optical coherence tomography reveals distinct patterns of retinal damage in neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis. PLoS ONE. June 21, 2013;8(6):e66151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gelfand, JM, Nolan, R, Schwartz, DM, Graves, J, Green, AJ. Microcystic macular edema in multiple sclerosis is associated with disease severity. Brain [Internet]. April 25, 2012 [cited May 30, 2012]; Available from: http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/04/25/brain.aws098Google Scholar

Gelfand, JM, Cree, BA, Nolan, R, Arnow, S, Green, AJ. Microcystic inner nuclear layer abnormalities and neuromyelitis optica. JAMA Neurol. March 25, 2013;1–5.Google Scholar

Green, AJ, McQuaid, S, Hauser, SL, Allen, IV, Lyness, R. Ocular pathology in multiple sclerosis: retinal atrophy and inflammation irrespective of disease duration. Brain J Neurol June 2010;133(Pt 6):1591–601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Saidha, S, Sotirchos, ES, Ibrahim, MA, Crainiceanu, CM, Gelfand, JM, Sepah, YJ, et al. Microcystic macular edema, thickness of the inner nuclear layer of the retina, and disease characteristics in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective study. Lancet Neurol October 4, 2012;CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kaufhold, F, Zimmermann, H, Schneider, E, Ruprecht, K, Paul, F, Oberwahrenbrock, T, et al. Optic Neuritis Is Associated with Inner Nuclear Layer Thickening and Microcystic Macular Edema Independently of Multiple Sclerosis. PLoS ONE Aug 6, 2013;8(8):e71145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Barboni, P, Carelli, V, Savini, G, Carbonelli, M, La Morgia, C, Sadun, AA. Microcystic macular degeneration from optic neuropathy: not inflammatory, not trans-synaptic degeneration. Brain J Neurol February 8, 2013;CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Abegg, M, Zinkernagel, M, Wolf, S. Microcystic macular degeneration from optic neuropathy. Brain J Neurol September 7, 2012;CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brandt, AU, Oberwahrenbrock, T, Kadas, EM, Lagrèze, WA, Paul, F. Dynamic formation of macular microcysts independent of vitreous traction changes. Neurology July 1, 2014;83(1):73–7. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000545. Epub May 23, 2014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wingerchuk, DM, Pittock, SJ, Lucchinetti, CF, Lennon, VA, Weinshenker, BG. A secondary progressive clinical course is uncommon in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology February 20, 2007;68(8):603–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jarius, S, Wildemann, B, Paul, F. Neuromyelitis optica: clinical features, immunopathogenesis and treatment. Clin Exp Immunol May 2014;176(2):149–64. doi: 10.1111/cei.12271. Review.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hinson, SR, Pittock, SJ, Lucchinetti, CF, Roemer, SF, Fryer, JP, Kryzer, TJ, et al. Pathogenic potential of IgG binding to water channel extracellular domain in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology December 11, 2007;69(24):2221–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Levin, MH, Bennett, JL, Verkman, AS. Optic neuritis in neuromyelitis optica. Prog Retin Eye Res March 30, 2013;CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Biousse, V, Skibell, BC, Watts, RL, Loupe, DN, Drews-Botsch, C, Newman, NJ. Ophthalmologic features of Parkinson’s disease. Neurology January 27, 2004;62(2):177–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Archibald, NK, Clarke, MP, Mosimann, UP, Burn, DJ. The retina in Parkinson’s disease. Brain J Neurol. May 2009;132(Pt 5):1128–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bodis-Wollner, I, Marx, MS, Mitra, S, Bobak, P, Mylin, L, Yahr, M. Visual dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Loss in spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity. Brain J Neurol December 1987;110 (Pt 6):1675–98.Google ScholarPubMed

Nightingale, S, Mitchell, KW, Howe, JW. Visual evoked cortical potentials and pattern electroretinograms in Parkinson’s disease and control subjects. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry November 1986;49(11):1280–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Tagliati, M, Bodis-Wollner, I, Yahr, MD. The pattern electroretinogram in Parkinson’s disease reveals lack of retinal spatial tuning. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol January 1996;100(1):1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Frederick, JM, Rayborn, ME, Laties, AM, Lam, DM, Hollyfield, JG. Dopaminergic neurons in the human retina. J Comp Neurol September 1, 1982;210(1):65–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Djamgoz, MB, Hankins, MW, Hirano, J, Archer, SN. Neurobiology of retinal dopamine in relation to degenerative states of the tissue. Vision Res December 1997;37(24):3509–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jackson, GR, Owsley, C. Visual dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging. Neurol Clin August 2003;21(3):709–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Harnois, C, Di Paolo, T. Decreased dopamine in the retinas of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci November 1990;31(11):2473–5.Google ScholarPubMed

Hutton, JT, Morris, JL, Elias, JW. Levodopa improves spatial contrast sensitivity in Parkinson’s disease. Arch Neurol July 1993;50(7):721–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Altintaş, O, Işeri, P, Ozkan, B, Cağlar, Y. Correlation between retinal morphological and functional findings and clinical severity in Parkinson’s disease. Doc Ophthalmol Adv Ophthalmol March 2008;116(2):137–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Inzelberg, R, Ramirez, JA, Nisipeanu, P, Ophir, A. Retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in Parkinson disease. Vision Res November 2004;44(24):2793–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cubo, E, Tedejo, RP, Rodriguez Mendez, V, López Peña, MJ, Trejo Gabriel, Y Galán, JM. Retina thickness in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc. October 30, 2010;25(14):2461–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hajee, ME, March, WF, Lazzaro, DR, Wolintz, AH, Shrier, EM, Glazman, S, et al. Inner retinal layer thinning in Parkinson disease. Arch Ophthalmol. June 2009;127(6):737–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Aaker, GD, Myung, JS, Ehrlich, JR, Mohammed, M, Henchcliffe, C, Kiss, S. Detection of retinal changes in Parkinson’s disease with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Clin Ophthalmol Auckl NZ 2010;4:1427–32.Google ScholarPubMed

Shrier, EM, Adam, CR, Spund, B, Glazman, S, Bodis-Wollner, I. Interocular asymmetry of foveal thickness in Parkinson disease. J Ophthalmol 2012;2012:728457.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Archibald, NK, Clarke, MP, Mosimann, UP, Burn, DJ. Retinal thickness in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord July 2011;17(6):431–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Albrecht, P, Müller, A-K, Südmeyer, M, Ferrea, S, Ringelstein, M, Cohn, E, et al. Optical coherence tomography in parkinsonian syndromes. PloS One 2012;7(4):e34891.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Garcia-Martin, E, Satue, M, Fuertes, I, Otin, S, Alarcia, R, Herrero, R, et al. Ability and reproducibility of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography to detect retinal nerve fiber layer atrophy in Parkinson’s disease. Ophthalmology October 2012;119(10):2161–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Roth, NM, Saidha, S, Zimmermann, H, Brandt, AU, Isensee, J, Benkhellouf-Rutkowska, A, et al. Photoreceptor layer thinning in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord April 1, 2014;n/a–n/a.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Müller, T, Woitalla, D, Peters, S, Kohla, K, Przuntek, H. Progress of visual dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand April 2002;105(4):256–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Saidha, S, Syc, SB, Durbin, MK, Eckstein, C, Oakley, JD, Meyer, SA, et al. Visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis correlates better with optical coherence tomography derived estimates of macular ganglion cell layer thickness than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Mult Scler J [Internet] August 24, 2011 [cited September 12, 2011]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21865411CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nguyen-Legros, J. Functional neuroarchitecture of the retina: hypothesis on the dysfunction of retinal dopaminergic circuitry in Parkinson’s disease. Surg Radiol Anat SRA 1988;10(2):137–44.Google ScholarPubMed

Wulle, I, Wagner, HJ. GABA and tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry reveal different patterns of colocalization in retinal neurons of various vertebrates. J Comp Neurol June 1, 1990;296(1):173–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wu, Z, Huang, J, Dustin, L, Sadda, SR. Signal strength is an important determinant of accuracy of nerve fiber layer thickness measurement by optical coherence tomography. J Glaucoma March 2009;18(3):213–6.Google ScholarPubMed

Jack, CR Jr, Knopman, DS, Jagust, WJ, Petersen, RC, Weiner, MW, Aisen, PS, et al. Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer’s disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers. Lancet Neurol February 2013;12(2):207–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Koronyo-Hamaoui, M, Koronyo, Y, Ljubimov, AV, Miller, CA, Ko, MK, Black, KL, et al. Identification of amyloid plaques in retinas from Alzheimer’s patients and noninvasive in vivo optical imaging of retinal plaques in a mouse model. NeuroImage January 2011;54 Suppl 1:S204–217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cronin-Golomb, A, Rizzo, JF, Corkin, S, Growdon, JH. Visual function in Alzheimer’s disease and normal aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991;640:28–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rizzo, JF 3rd, Cronin-Golomb, A, Growdon, JH, Corkin, S, Rosen, TJ, Sandberg, MA, et al. Retinocalcarine function in Alzheimer’s disease. A clinical and electrophysiological study. Arch Neurol January 1992;49(1):93–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hinton, DR, Sadun, AA, Blanks, JC, Miller, CA. Optic-nerve degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. N Engl J Med August 21, 1986;315(8):485–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Blanks, JC, Torigoe, Y, Hinton, DR, Blanks, RH. Retinal pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. I. Ganglion cell loss in foveal/parafoveal retina. Neurobiol Aging June 1996;17(3):377–84.Google ScholarPubMed

Sadun, AA, Bassi, CJ. Optic nerve damage in Alzheimer’s disease. Ophthalmology January 1990;97(1):9–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Curcio, CA, Drucker, DN. Retinal ganglion cells in Alzheimer’s disease and aging. Ann Neurol March 1993;33(3):248–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Davies, DC, McCoubrie, P, McDonald, B, Jobst, KA. Myelinated axon number in the optic nerve is unaffected by Alzheimer’s disease. Br J Ophthalmol June 1995;79(6):596–600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Justino, L, Kergoat, M, Bergman, H, Chertkow, H, Robillard, A, Kergoat, H. Neuroretinal function is normal in early dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurobiol Aging August 2001;22(4):691–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Danesh-Meyer, HV, Birch, H, Ku, JY-F, Carroll, S, Gamble, G. Reduction of optic nerve fibers in patients with Alzheimer disease identified by laser imaging. Neurology November 28, 2006;67(10):1852–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kergoat, H, Kergoat, MJ, Justino, L, Robillard, A, Bergman, H, Chertkow, H. Normal optic nerve head topography in the early stages of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord December 2001;12(6):359–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kergoat, H, Kergoat, MJ, Justino, L, Chertkow, H, Robillard, A, Bergman, H. An evaluation of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness by scanning laser polarimetry in individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer type. Acta Ophthalmol Scand April 2001;79(2):187–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kergoat, H, Kergoat, M-J, Justino, L, Chertkow, H, Robillard, A, Bergman, H. Visual retinocortical function in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Gerontology August 2002;48(4):197–203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Iseri, PK, Altinaş, O, Tokay, T, Yüksel, N. Relationship between cognitive impairment and retinal morphological and visual functional abnormalities in Alzheimer disease. J Neuro-Ophthalmol Off J North Am Neuro-Ophthalmol Soc March 2006;26(1):18–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Paquet, C, Boissonnot, M, Roger, F, Dighiero, P, Gil, R, Hugon, J. Abnormal retinal thickness in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett June 2007;420(2):97–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lu, Y, Li, Z, Zhang, X, Ming, B, Jia, J, Wang, R, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer structure abnormalities in early Alzheimer’s disease: evidence in optical coherence tomography. Neurosci Lett August 9, 2010;480(1):69–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Berisha, F, Feke, GT, Trempe, CL, McMeel, JW, Schepens, CL. Retinal abnormalities in early Alzheimer’s disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci May 2007;48(5):2285–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kirbas, S, Turkyilmaz, K, Anlar, O, Tufekci, A, Durmus, M. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with Alzheimer disease. J Neuro-Ophthalmol Off J North Am Neuro-Ophthalmol Soc March 2013;33(1):58–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bayer, AU, Ferrari, F, Erb, C. High occurrence rate of glaucoma among patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Eur Neurol 2002;47(3):165–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Helmer, C, Malet, F, Rougier, M-B, Schweitzer, C, Colin, J, Delyfer, M-N, et al. Is there a link between open-angle glaucoma and dementia? The 3C-alienor cohort. Ann Neurol May 18, 2013;CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bock, M, Brandt, AU, Dörr, J, Kraft, H, Weinges-Evers, N, Gaede, G, et al. Patterns of retinal nerve fiber layer loss in multiple sclerosis patients with or without optic neuritis and glaucoma patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg October 2010;112(8):647–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dörr, J1, Radbruch, H, Bock, M, Wuerfel, J, Brüggemann, A, Wandinger, KP, Zeise, D, Pfueller, CF, Zipp, F, Paul, F. Encephalopathy, visual disturbance and hearing loss-recognizing the symptoms of Susac syndrome. Nat Rev Neurol December 2009;5(12):683–8. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2009.176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dörr, J, Krautwald, S, Wildemann, B, Jarius, S, Ringelstein, M, Duning, T, et al. Characteristics of Susac syndrome: a review of all reported cases. Nat Rev Neurol June 2013;9(6):307–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brandt, AU, Zimmermann, H, Kaufhold, F, Promesberger, J, Schippling, S, Finis, D, et al. Patterns of retinal damage facilitate differential diagnosis between Susac syndrome and MS. PloS One 2012;7(6):e38741.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Scott, CJ, Kardon, RH, Lee, AG, Frisén, L, Wall, M. Diagnosis and grading of papilledema in patients with raised intracranial pressure using optical coherence tomography vs clinical expert assessment using a clinical staging scale. Arch Ophthalmol June 2010;128(6):705–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kaufhold, F, Kadas, EM, Schmidt, C, Kunte, H, Hoffmann, J, Zimmermann, H, et al. Optic nerve head quantification in idiopathic intracranial hypertension by spectral domain OCT. PloS One 2012;7(5):e36965.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wang, J-K, Kardon, RH, Kupersmith, MJ, Garvin, MK. Automated quantification of volumetric optic disc swelling in papilledema using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci June 2012;53(7):4069–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Carelli, V, Ross-Cisneros, FN, Sadun, AA. Optic nerve degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction: genetic and acquired optic neuropathies. Neurochem Int May 2002;40(6):573–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Carelli, V, Ross-Cisneros, FN, Sadun, AA. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of optic neuropathies. Prog Retin Eye Res January 2004;23(1):53–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Harding, AE. Friedreich’s ataxia: a clinical and genetic study of 90 families with an analysis of early diagnostic criteria and intrafamilial clustering of clinical features. Brain J Neurol September 1981;104(3):589–620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fortuna, F, Barboni, P, Liguori, R, Valentino, ML, Savini, G, Gellera, C, et al. Visual system involvement in patients with Friedreich’s ataxia. Brain J Neurol January 2009;132(Pt 1):116–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Alldredge, CD, Schlieve, CR, Miller, NR, Levin, LA. Pathophysiology of the optic neuropathy associated with Friedreich ataxia. Arch Ophthalmol November 2003;121(11):1582–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Noval, S, Contreras, I, Sanz-Gallego, I, Manrique, RK, Arpa, J. Ophthalmic features of Friedreich ataxia. Eye Lond Engl February 2012;26(2):315–20.Google ScholarPubMed

Seyer, LA, Galetta, K, Wilson, J, Sakai, R, Perlman, S, Mathews, K, et al. Analysis of the visual system in Friedreich ataxia. J Neurol June 18, 2013;CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Klockgether, T. The clinical diagnosis of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias. Cerebellum Lond Engl 2008;7(2):101–5.Google ScholarPubMed

Stricker, S, Oberwahrenbrock, T, Zimmermann, H, Schroeter, J, Endres, M, Brandt, AU, et al. Temporal retinal nerve fiber loss in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia Type 1. PLoS ONE July 29, 2011;6(7):e23024.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Pula, JH, Towle, VL, Staszak, VM, Cao, D, Bernard, JT, Gomez, CM. Retinal nerve fibre layer and macular thinning in spinocerebellar ataxia and cerebellar multisystem atrophy. Neuro-Ophthalmol Aeolus Press Jun 2011;35(3):108–14.Google ScholarPubMed

Manrique, RK, Noval, S, Aguilar-Amat, MJ, Arpa, J, Rosa, I, Contreras, I. Ophthalmic features of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7. J Neuro-Ophthalmol Off J North Am Neuro-Ophthalmol Soc September 2009;29(3):174–9.Google ScholarPubMed

Hugosson, T, Gränse, L, Ponjavic, V, Andréasson, S. Macular dysfunction and morphology in spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA 7). Ophthalmic Genet. March 2009;30(1):1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Miller, RC, Tewari, A, Miller, JA, Garbern, J, Van Stavern, GP. Neuro-ophthalmologic features of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7. J Neuro-Ophthalmol Off J North Am Neuro-Ophthalmol Soc September 2009;29(3):180–6.Google ScholarPubMed

Bouchard, JP, Barbeau, A, Bouchard, R, Bouchard, RW. Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay. Can J Neurol Sci J Can Sci Neurol February 1978;5(1):61–9.Google ScholarPubMed

Vingolo, EM, Di Fabio, R, Salvatore, S, Grieco, G, Bertini, E, Leuzzi, V, et al. Myelinated retinal fibers in autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay. Eur J Neurol Off J Eur Fed Neurol Soc September 2011;18(9):1187–90.Google ScholarPubMed

Desserre, J, Devos, D, Sautière, BG, Debruyne, P, Santorelli, FM, Vuillaume, I, et al. Thickening of peripapillar retinal fibers for the diagnosis of autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay. Cerebellum Lond Engl December 2011;10(4):758–62.Google ScholarPubMed

Garcia-Martin, E, Pablo, LE, Gazulla, J, Polo, V, Ferreras, A, Larrosa, JM. Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in ARSACS: myelination or hypertrophy? Br J Ophthalmol February 2013;97(2):238–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Blackstone, C, O’Kane, CJ, Reid, E. Hereditary spastic paraplegias: membrane traffic and the motor pathway. Nat Rev Neurosci January 2011;12(1):31–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Carelli, V, La Morgia, C, Valentino, ML, Barboni, P, Ross-Cisneros, FN, Sadun, AA. Retinal ganglion cell neurodegeneration in mitochondrial inherited disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta May 2009;1787(5):518–28.Google ScholarPubMed

Wiethoff, S, Zhour, A, Schöls, L, Fischer, MD. Retinal nerve fibre layer loss in hereditary spastic paraplegias is restricted to complex phenotypes. BMC Neurol 2012;12:143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Roth, NM, Saidha, S, Zimmermann, H, Brandt, AU, Oberwahrenbrock, T, Maragakis, NJ, et al. Optical coherence tomography does not support optic nerve involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol Off J Eur Fed Neurol Soc April 14, 2013;CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ala, A, Walker, AP, Ashkan, K, Dooley, JS, Schilsky, ML. Wilson’s disease. Lancet February 3, 2007;369(9559):397–408.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Satishchandra, P, Ravishankar Naik, K. Visual pathway abnormalities Wilson’s disease: an electrophysiological study using electroretinography and visual evoked potentials. J Neurol Sci May 1, 2000;176(1):13–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Albrecht, P, Müller, A-K, Ringelstein, M, Finis, D, Geerling, G, Cohn, E, et al. Retinal neurodegeneration in Wilson’s disease revealed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. PloS One 2012;7(11):e49825.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Parikh, RS, Parikh, SR, Sekhar, GC, Prabakaran, S, Babu, JG, Thomas, R. Normal Age-Related Decay of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness. Ophthalmology May 2007;114(5):921–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Alamouti, B, Funk, J. Retinal thickness decreases with age: an OCT study. Br J Ophthalmol July 2003;87(7):899–901.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ooto, S, Hangai, M, Tomidokoro, A, Saito, H, Araie, M, Otani, T, et al. Effects of age, sex, and axial length on the three-dimensional profile of normal macular layer structures. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52(12):8769–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rudnicka, AR, Mt-Isa, S, Owen, CG, Cook, DG, Ashby, D. Variations in primary open-angle glaucoma prevalence by age, gender, and race: a Bayesian meta-analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci October 2006;47(10):4254–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Quigley, HA, Broman, AT. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol March 2006;90(3):262–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Varma, R, Ying-Lai, M, Francis, BA, Nguyen, BB-T, Deneen, J, Wilson, MR, et al. Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Ophthalmology August 2004;111(8):1439–48.Google ScholarPubMed

Tewarie, P, Balk, L, Costello, F, Green, A, Martin, R, Schippling, S, et al. The OSCAR-IB Consensus Criteria for Retinal OCT Quality Assessment. PLoS ONE April 19, 2012;7(4):e34823.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Petzold, A, Wattjes, MP, Costello, F, Flores-Rivera, J, Fraser, CL, Fujihara, K, et al. The investigation of acute optic neuritis: a review and proposed protocol. Nat Rev Neurol August 2014;10(8):447–58. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.108. Epub Jul 8, 2014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed