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Effects of Planting Pattern and Cultivar on Weed and Crop Growth in Aerobic Rice System

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Gulshan Mahajan  and
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Gulshan Mahajan
Affiliation:
Rice Section, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
Bhagirath S. Chauhan*
Affiliation:
International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: b.chauhan@cgiar.org
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Abstract

Weeds are a major biotic constraint to aerobic rice production in Asia. Research is needed on the effects of cultural practices on weed management in aerobic rice, including techniques such as planting pattern and competitive cultivars. Field experiments were conducted in Punjab, India, in the wet seasons of 2008 and 2009 to study the growth of weeds and two rice cultivars [PR 115 and Punjab (P.) Mehak 1] in relation to planting pattern (uniform rows [23-cm row spacing] and paired rows [15-, 30-, and 15-cm row spacings]) under aerobic conditions. Junglerice and rice flatsedge were the dominant weed species during the early stages of the crop, while Chinese sprangletop and large crabgrass were the predominant species during flowering stage of the crop. Weed dry matter was not affected by planting pattern of P. Mehak 1; however, for PR 115, weed dry matter was greater in rice grown in uniform rows (244 g m−2) than in paired rows (183 g m−2). Planting patterns did not affect weed-free crop growth and yield, but weeds tended to be more abundant in the uniform planting system, particularly under cultivar PR 115. Consequently, this cultivar grew and yielded better under the paired rows when weeds were present. The cultivar PR 115 had greater yield potential than P. Mehak 1, but growth and productivity of P. Mehak 1 were unaffected by the planting patterns, suggesting better competitive ability against weeds than PR 115. The results imply that yield of some aerobic rice cultivars may be improved by exploring competitiveness of rice cultivars through paired row planting patterns. There is a need to study plasticity changes for cultivars which respond with more competiveness in paired rows. The identified traits could be useful as selection criteria for screening weed-competitive cultivars in paired row pattern.

Las malezas son una de las principales limitantes bióticas para la producción de arroz aeróbico en Asia. Se necesita investigación sobre los efectos de las prácticas culturales en el manejo de malezas en el cultivo de arroz aeróbico, usando técnicas tales como, patrones de siembra y cultivares competitivos. Se llevaron a cabo experimentos de campo en Punjab, India, en la temporada de lluvias en 2008 y 2009 para estudiar el crecimiento de las malezas y de dos cultivares de arroz [PR 115 y Punjab (P.) Mehak 1] en relación al patrón de siembra [surcos uniformes (23-cm entre líneas) y surcos dobles (15-30-15-cm entre líneas)], bajo condiciones aeróbicas. Las malezas dominantes fueron Echinochloa colona y Cyperus iria, durante las etapas tempranas del cultivo, mientras que Leptochloa chinensis y Digitaria sanguinalis fueron las especies predominantes durante la etapa de floración. La materia seca de la maleza no se afectó por el patrón de siembra de P. Mehak 1; sin embargo, para PR 115, la materia seca fue mayor cuando el arroz se cultivó en surcos uniformes (244 g m−2) que en los surcos dobles (183 g m−2). Los patrones de siembra no afectaron el crecimiento ni el rendimiento del cultivo en las parcelas libres de maleza, pero las malezas tendieron a ser más abundantes en los sistemas de siembra uniforme, particularmente bajo el cultivar PR 115. Consecuentemente, este cultivar tuvo mayor crecimiento y rendimiento bajo surcos dobles cuando hubo presencia de malezas. El cultivar PR 115 tuvo mayor potencial de rendimiento que P. Mehak 1, pero el crecimiento y la productividad de este último cultivar no se vieron afectados por los patrones de siembra, sugiriendo así, mejor habilidad competitiva en contra de las malezas que PR 115. Los resultados implican que el rendimiento de algunos cultivares de arroz aeróbico podría ser mejorado a través de la exploración de la competitividad de los mismos por medio de los patrones de siembra en surcos dobles. Existe la necesidad de estudiar los cambios de plasticidad para cultivares que respondan con mayor competitividad en surcos dobles. Las características identificadas podrían ser útiles como criterio de selección en la evaluación de cultivares que compitan con las malezas en patrones de surcos dobles.

Keywords

Junglerice, Echinochloa colona (L.) Link ECHCOrice flatsedge, Cyperus iria L. CYPIRChinese sprangletop, Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees LEFCHlarge crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSArice, Oryza sativa L.Cultural practicesintegrated weed managementplanting patternpaired rowsweed dry matter
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , December 2011 , pp. 521 - 525
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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