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Control of Morningglories (Ipomoea spp.) in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Makhan Singh Bhullar ,
U. S. Walia ,
Surjit Singh ,
Megh Singh  and
Amit J. Jhala
Makhan Singh Bhullar
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
U. S. Walia
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
Surjit Singh
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
Megh Singh
Affiliation:
Weed Research Program, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850-2299
Amit J. Jhala*
Affiliation:
Weed Research Program, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850-2299
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: amit@ufl.edu
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Abstract

Morningglories are summer annual or perennial dicots, and are troublesome weeds in sugarcane cultivated in northern India. If not controlled, they may compete with sugarcane, interfere in the harvest operation, and reduce yields. Managing morningglories in sugarcane continues to be a serious challenge for sugarcane growers. Field experiments were conducted during the 3-yr period from 2007 to 2009 to evaluate herbicides applied PRE and POST for control of morningglories in sugarcane. The herbicides applied PRE included diuron, metribuzin, and atrazine at 1.6, 1.4, and 1.0 kg ai ha−1, respectively, applied alone or followed by 2,4-D amine salt (0.58 or 1.16 kg ae ha−1) or 2,4-D sodium salt (0.8 or 1.6 kg ae ha−1) applied POST. Herbicides applied PRE controlled morningglories ≤ 87% at 15 d after treatment (DAT); however, control reduced to ≤ 56% at 90 DAT. Control improved when herbicides applied PRE were followed by POST application of 2,4-D amine or sodium salt. For example, diuron applied PRE followed by 2,4-D amine salt applied POST at any rate provided 100% control of morningglories at 15 and 30 DAT. At 90 d after POST application, control ranged from 68 to 82% with the PRE followed by POST herbicides, compared to 0% control when metribuzin or atrazine were applied PRE alone. The density and biomass of morningglories was also reduced to zero in treatments that included 2,4-D amine salt. The number of millable canes, cane height, and single cane weight was superior in PRE followed by POST herbicide treatments compared to herbicides applied PRE alone. Maximum cane yield was recorded for the treatments that included 2,4-D amine or sodium salt compared to only PRE treatments, and it was usually comparable with the nontreated weed-free control. It is concluded that a combination of PRE and POST herbicides were effective for control of morningglories; however, more research is required to evaluate other herbicides and their tank mix partners for control of morningglories in sugarcane.

Las Ipomoea son plantas dicotiledóneas perennes o anuales de verano y constituyen un problema en el cultivo de la caña de azúcar en el norte de la India. Si no se controlan pueden competir con la caña, interferir en la cosecha y reducir los rendimientos. El manejo de las Ipomoea en la caña de azúcar continúa siendo un reto serio para los productores. Experimentos de campo fueron realizados durante un período de tres años (de 2007 a 2009), para evaluar herbicidas aplicados PRE y POST para el control de Ipomoea en caña de azúcar. Los herbicidas aplicados PRE incluyeron diuron, metribuzin y atrazina a 1.6, 1.4, y 1.0 kg ia ha−1, respectivamente aplicados solos o seguidos por 2,4-D sal amina (0.58 o 1.16 kg ea ha−1) o 2,4-D sal sódica (0.8 o 1.6 kg ea ha−1), aplicados POST. Los herbicidas aplicados PRE controlaron las Ipomoea ≤ 87% a 15 días después del tratamiento (DAT); sin embargo, el control disminuyó a ≤ 56% a 90 DAT. El control mejoró cuando los herbicidas aplicados PRE fueron seguidos por aplicaciones POST de 2,4-D sal amina o 2,4-D sal sódica. Por ejemplo, diuron aplicado PRE seguido por 2,4-D sal amina aplicado POST a cualquier dosis, proporcionó 100% de control de las Ipomoea a 15 y 30 DAT. A 90 días después de la aplicación POST, el control varió de 68 a 82% con PRE seguido por los herbicidas POST, en comparación con 0% de control cuando metribuzin o atrazina fueron aplicados solos en PRE. La densidad y biomasa de las Ipomoea también se redujeron a cero en tratamientos que incluyeron 2,4-D sal amina. El número de cañas utilizables, la altura de caña, y el peso de una sola caña fueron superiores en PRE seguidos por tratamientos con herbicidas POST, comparado con solo herbicidas en PRE. El rendimiento máximo de caña fue registrado para los tratamientos que incluyeron 2,4-D amina o sal sódica comparado a únicamente tratamientos PRE, y fue usualmente comparable con el testigo no tratado libre de maleza. Se concluye que la combinación de herbicidas PRE y POST fue efectiva para el control de las Ipomoea; sin embargo, se requiere de más investigación para evaluar otros herbicidas y sus mezclas en tanque, para el control de las Ipomoea en cultivos de caña de azúcar.

Keywords

Japanese morningglory, Ipomoea nil (L.) Rothobscure morningglory, Ipomoea obscura L. Ker Gawlsugarcane, Saccharum sppCane yieldcrop–weed competitionherbicidesmillable canepercentage of control
Type
Weed Management—Other Crops/Areas
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 26 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 77 - 82
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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