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A 7300-yr-old environmental history of seabird, human, and volcano impacts on Carlisle Island (the Islands of Four Mountains, eastern Aleutians, Alaska)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2019

Evgeniya A. Kuzmicheva ,
Olesya I. Smyshlyaeva ,
Dmitry D. Vasyukov ,
Bulat F. Khasanov ,
Olga A. Krylovich ,
Mitsuru Okuno ,
Dixie L. West ,
Virginia L. Hatfield  and
Arkady B. Savinetsky
Evgeniya A. Kuzmicheva*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Historical Ecology, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
Olesya I. Smyshlyaeva
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Historical Ecology, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
Dmitry D. Vasyukov
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Historical Ecology, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
Bulat F. Khasanov
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Historical Ecology, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
Olga A. Krylovich
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Historical Ecology, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
Mitsuru Okuno
Affiliation:
AIG Collaborative Research Institute for International Study on Eruptive History and Informatics, also Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
Dixie L. West
Affiliation:
Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
Virginia L. Hatfield
Affiliation:
Museum of the Aleutians, 314 Salmon Way, P.O. Box 648, Unalaska, Alaska 99685, USA
Arkady B. Savinetsky
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Historical Ecology, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
*
*Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Historical Ecology, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia. E-mail address: kuzmicheva.evgeniya@gmail.com (E.A. Kuzmicheva).
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Abstract

We present the results of multiproxy study of a peat deposit from Carlisle Island (the Islands of Four Mountains, Aleutians). Vegetation on the initial stage of the peat is characterized by heath vegetation dominated by Ericales indicating cold conditions at 7300–6100 cal yr BP. The appearance of Betula and Alnus is the result of long-distance transportation attributable to strong winds at this time. Sedge-grass (Cyperaceae and Poaceae) communities began replacing heath vegetation at 6100 cal yr BP because of the climatic amelioration. C/N ratios and pollen spectra remain relatively stable at 6100–2450 cal yr BP. For the CR-03 peatland, volcanic tephra contributed significantly to the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectral data. Volcanic input created overlap of an aluminosilicate signal with carbohydrate vibrations. Significant changes occurred at approximately 2450 cal yr BP when there is the some evidence of cooler and wetter conditions of the Neoglacial. High values of δ15N observed at 7100–7000 cal yr BP reflect the fertilizing effect of seabird nesting colonies. A decrease in δ15N ca. 6900 cal yr BP may indicate initial settlement on Carlisle Island corresponding with harvesting seabirds. Human predation continued until a series of volcanic eruptions, which deposited Okmok II and CR-02 tephra layers at ca. 2000 and 1050 cal yr BP, respectively.

Keywords

Aleutian IslandsIslands of Four MountainsPeatPollen analysisFT-IR spectrometryStable isotope analysisAleuts
Type
Aleutians Special Issue
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 91 , Issue 3 , May 2019 , pp. 934 - 952
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2019 

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