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What you see is what you get: visual scanning failures of naturalistic social scenes in schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2020

Gaurav H. Patel Open the ORCID record for Gaurav H. Patel [Opens in a new window] ,
Sophie C. Arkin ,
Daniel R. Ruiz-Betancourt ,
Heloise M. DeBaun ,
Nicole E. Strauss ,
Laura P. Bartel ,
Jack Grinband ,
Antigona Martinez ,
Rebecca A. Berman  and
David A. Leopold
...Show all authors
Gaurav H. Patel*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
Sophie C. Arkin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
Daniel R. Ruiz-Betancourt
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
Heloise M. DeBaun
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
Nicole E. Strauss
Affiliation:
Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, USA
Laura P. Bartel
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
Jack Grinband
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
Antigona Martinez
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, USA
Rebecca A. Berman
Affiliation:
Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute for Mental Health, Bethesda, USA
David A. Leopold
Affiliation:
Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute for Mental Health, Bethesda, USA
Daniel C. Javitt
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Gaurav H. Patel, E-mail: ghp2114@cumc.columbia.edu
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Abstract

Background

Impairments in social cognition contribute significantly to disability in schizophrenia patients (SzP). Perception of facial expressions is critical for social cognition. Intact perception requires an individual to visually scan a complex dynamic social scene for transiently moving facial expressions that may be relevant for understanding the scene. The relationship of visual scanning for these facial expressions and social cognition remains unknown.

Methods

In 39 SzP and 27 healthy controls (HC), we used eye-tracking to examine the relationship between performance on The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT), which tests social cognition using naturalistic video clips of social situations, and visual scanning, measuring each individual's relative to the mean of HC. We then examined the relationship of visual scanning to the specific visual features (motion, contrast, luminance, faces) within the video clips.

Results

TASIT performance was significantly impaired in SzP for trials involving sarcasm (p < 10−5). Visual scanning was significantly more variable in SzP than HC (p < 10−6), and predicted TASIT performance in HC (p = 0.02) but not SzP (p = 0.91), differing significantly between groups (p = 0.04). During the visual scanning, SzP were less likely to be viewing faces (p = 0.0001) and less likely to saccade to facial motion in peripheral vision (p = 0.008).

Conclusions

SzP show highly significant deficits in the use of visual scanning of naturalistic social scenes to inform social cognition. Alterations in visual scanning patterns may originate from impaired processing of facial motion within peripheral vision. Overall, these results highlight the utility of naturalistic stimuli in the study of social cognition deficits in schizophrenia.

Keywords

Attentionface emotion recognitionmotionsocial cognitionvisual search
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 51 , Issue 16 , December 2021 , pp. 2923 - 2932
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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