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Validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Peace, Equanimity, and Acceptance in the Cancer Experience (PEACE) questionnaire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 June 2021

Masako Okamura ,
Maiko Fujimori Open the ORCID record for Maiko Fujimori [Opens in a new window] ,
Kotone Hata ,
Masanori Mori ,
Jennifer W. Mack ,
Holly G. Prigerson  and
Yosuke Uchitomi
Masako Okamura
Affiliation:
Division of Behavioral Science Research, Behavioral Sciences and Survivorship Research Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan Innovation Center for Supportive, Palliative and Psychosocial Care, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Maiko Fujimori*
Affiliation:
Division of Behavioral Science Research, Behavioral Sciences and Survivorship Research Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan Innovation Center for Supportive, Palliative and Psychosocial Care, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan Department of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
Kotone Hata
Affiliation:
Division of Behavioral Science Research, Behavioral Sciences and Survivorship Research Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan Department of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
Masanori Mori
Affiliation:
Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
Jennifer W. Mack
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric Oncology and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
Holly G. Prigerson
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Yosuke Uchitomi
Affiliation:
Division of Behavioral Science Research, Behavioral Sciences and Survivorship Research Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan Innovation Center for Supportive, Palliative and Psychosocial Care, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
*
Author for correspondence: Maiko Fujimori, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan. E-mail: mfujimor@ncc.go.jp
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Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Peace, Equanimity, and Acceptance in the Cancer Experience questionnaire (PEACE-J) and to evaluate the association between the PEACE subscales and Japanese patient characteristics.

Methods

A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among 412 patients with cancer. This survey assessed medical and demographic factors, such as the PEACE, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy — Spiritual well-being (FACIT-Sp). The forward–backward translation method was used to develop the PEACE-J. The validity of PEACE-J was evaluated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis between each subscale of PEACE and FACIT-Sp and CISS. The Cronbach's α and the item-total correlation of each subscale of the PEACE questionnaire were calculated to assess internal consistency reliability.

Results

The factor analysis yielded two subscales corresponding to the original version: Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.84 and 0.86 for the Peaceful Acceptance of Illness subscale and the Struggle with Illness subscale, respectively. The PEACE subscales and the FACIT-Sp subscales and the CISS subscales were moderately associated with each other, including the Peaceful Acceptance to each subscale of FACIT (r = 0.22–0.55, p < 0.01); and the Peaceful Acceptance and the Struggle with Illness to CISS emotion-oriented coping (r = −0.36 and r = 0.45, p < 0.01, respectively). Married patients showed higher levels of peaceful acceptance than unmarried patients (p < 0.001). Poorer performance status, chemotherapy use, and recurrence or metastasis were significantly associated with higher levels of struggle with illness (p < 0.001).

Significance of results

This study indicated that the PEACE-J is a valid and reliable measure of the patient's sense of acceptance, calmness or equanimity, and peace, as well as their sense of struggle or desperation concerning their illness.

Keywords

Cognitive acceptanceEnd-of-life discussionPeacefulnessPsychometric properties
Type
Original Article
Information
Palliative & Supportive Care , Volume 20 , Issue 4 , August 2022 , pp. 549 - 555
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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