Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T10:31:11.214Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Challenges For Flat Panel Display Phosphors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2011

H. P. Maruska ,
T. Parodos ,
N. M. Kalkhoran  and
W. D. Halverson
H. P. Maruska
Affiliation:
Spire Corporation, One Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730–2396
T. Parodos
Affiliation:
Spire Corporation, One Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730–2396
N. M. Kalkhoran
Affiliation:
Spire Corporation, One Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730–2396
W. D. Halverson
Affiliation:
Spire Corporation, One Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730–2396
Get access

Abstract

Phosphors are a class of materials which emit visible light when impacted by either electrons or photons. Phosphors are the critical material in all self-emissive displays. The major display technologies which depend on phosphors are cathode ray tubes, flat cathode ray tubes (especially, field emission displays), thin film electroluminescent displays, and gas discharge plasma displays. Each of these technologies started with phosphors prepared in powder form, sprayed or screen printed onto a faceplate suitable for viewing. Electroluminescent displays have largely converted to thin film phosphors. It can be expected that, for many applications, the other competing technologies will also come to rely on more robust, high definition, thin film phosphors. Presently, full color displays must utilize several deposition and etching procedures to prepare the red, green, and blue pixels. Ion implantation of color centers is now paving the way for producing full color displays in a single host phosphor. We shall discuss the present limitations that compromise full color self-emissive displays, and present state-of-the-art solutions based on thin films and ion implantation.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 345: Symposium M – Flat Panel Display Materials , 1994 , 269
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Millikan, R.A. and Eyring, C.F., Phys. Rev., 27 51., (1926).Google Scholar
2. Curtin, C., Proc. IDRC, San Diego, Oct 15–17, 1991, page 12.Google Scholar
3. Spindt, C.A., Holland, C.E., IEEE Trans. Electron Dev., ED3.2355,(1991).Google Scholar
4. Geis, M.W., Efremow, N.N., Woodhouse, J.D., McAleese, M.D., Marchywka, M., Socker, D.G., Hochedez, J.F., IEEE Electron Dev. Lett., 12, 456 (1991).Google Scholar
5. Matsumoto, S., Electronic Display Devices, John Wiley, publ., p.219, (1990).Google Scholar
6. Levy, F. and Meyer, R., 1991 International Display Research Conf., San Diego, Oct 15–17, 1991, page 20.Google Scholar
7. Okajima, T., Sano, Y., Koyama, N., Ota, T., and Nunomura, K., Proc. IEEE Conf. Electronic Devices, (1991).Google Scholar
8. Morimoto, K., Proc. Electrochem. Soc., 87, 1677 (1987).Google Scholar
9. Alt, P.M., Proc. of the SID, 25, 123 (1984).Google Scholar
10. Fischer, A.G., J. Electrochem. Soc., 110, 733 (1963).Google Scholar
11. Zeinert, A., Benalloul, P., Benoit, J., Barthou, C., Dreyhsig, J., Gumlich, H.E., J. Appl. Phys., 71, 2855 (1992).Google Scholar
12. Werner, K., Information Display, 9, 10 (1993).Google Scholar
13. Jayaraj, M.K. and Vallabhan, C.P.G., J. Electrochem. Soc., 138, 1512 (1991).Google Scholar
14. Okamoto, K., Yoshimi, T., Miura, S., Appl. Phys. Lett., 53, 678(1988).Google Scholar
15. Collins, B.T., Kane, J., Ling, M., Tuenge, R.T., Sun, S.S., J. Electrochem. Soc., 138 3515 (1991).Google Scholar
16. Tanaka, S., Deguchi, H., Mikami, Y., Shiiki, M., Kobayashi, H., SID Digest, 29–32 (1986).Google Scholar
17. Barrow, W.A., Coovert, R.C., Dickey, E., King, C.N., Laakso, C., Sun, S.S., Tuenge, R.T., Wentross, R., SID 93 Digest, 761–764 (1993).Google Scholar
18. Akasaki, I., Amano, H., Kito, M., Hiramatsu, K., J. of Lumin., 48 & 49, 666 (1991).Google Scholar
19. Cullis, A.G. and Canham, L.T., Nature, 353, 335 (1991).Google Scholar
20. Namavar, F., Maruska, H.P., Kalkhoran, N.M., Appl. Phys. Lett., 60, 2514 (1992).Google Scholar
21. Maruska, H.P., Namavar, F., Kalkhoran, N.M., Appl. Phys. Lett., 61, 1338 (1992).Google Scholar
22. Maruska, H.P., Namavar, F., Kalkhoran, N.M., Appl. Phys. Lett., 63, 102 (1993).Google Scholar
23. Sobel, A., IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. 24, 835 (1977).Google Scholar
24. Kamagaya, T., Matsusaki, H., Yokozawa, M., IEEE Trans. Electron Dev., 25, 1094 (1978).Google Scholar
25. Hoehn, H.J. and Martel, R.A., IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. 20, 1081 (1973).Google Scholar
26. Shinoda, T., Miyashita, Y., Sugimoto, Y., Yoshikawa, K., 1981 SID symposium, New York, 164–165.Google Scholar
27. Vries, G.H.F. de, 1982 SID symposium, San Diego, 164–165.Google Scholar
28. Perry, C.H., Extended Abstracts, Electrochemical Society meeting, Los Angeles, 783–784 (1979).Google Scholar
29. Parodos, T., Maruska, H.P., Halverson, W., Budzilek, R.A., Monarchie, D., Schlam, E., SID 93 Digest, 777–779 (1993).Google Scholar
30. Barrow, W.A., Coovert, R.E., King, C.N., Ziuchkovski, M.J., Conf. of 1988 SID, 284.Google Scholar
31. DARPA Contract DAAH01–90-C-0536,,”MOCVD of Low-Cost TFEL Flat Panel Display Manufacturing,” Final Report, December 1990.Google Scholar
32. Morton, D.C., private communication.Google Scholar
33. Fang, J., Holloway, P.H., Yu, J.E., Jones, K.S., Pathangey, B., Brettschneider, E., Anderson, T., Appl. Surf. Sci., 70/71, 701 (1993).Google Scholar
34. Aven, M. and Prener, J.S., Physics and Chemistry of I-VI Compounds, North Holland Publishing, 1967.Google Scholar
35. Bube, R.H., J. Chem. Phys., 20, 708 (1952).Google Scholar
36. Gool, W. Van, “Fluorescence Centers in ZnS,” thesis, University of Amsterdam, Jan. 1961.Google Scholar
37. Gill, R.W.A. and Rothschild, S., Enlarged Abstracts, Electrochemical Society Meeting, 72, (1960).Google Scholar
38. Kroger, F.A. and Hellingman, J.E., J. Electrochem. Soc., 93, 156 (1948).Google Scholar
39. Kroger, F.A., Hellingman, J.E., and Smit, N.W., Physica, 15, 990 (1949).Google Scholar
40. Kroger, F.A. and Dikhoff, J., Physica, 16, 297 (1950).Google Scholar
41. Prener, J.S. and Williams, F.E., J. Electrochem. Soc., 103, 342 (1956).Google Scholar