¹ Not. Dig. Or. xii, Occ. x, ‘sub dispositione viri illustris quaestoris: leges dictandae; preces’; Jones, A. H. M., The Later Roman Empire iii (1964), 74Google Scholar, n. 3.

² Elegant and subtle: CJ 2, 7, 25 (1 Dec. 519), ‘sexaginta auri libras, quas sub imperio Zenonis divae memoriae pedaneis deputatas arbitris nec non fideiussorum vires aestimantibus tamen auferendas credidit parca posterioris subtilitas principis’ (i.e. Anastasius reduced the perquisites of the bar); 5, 4, 23 (to Demosthenes pp., c. 520 enabling Justinian to marry Theodora, on which see Daube, D., Catholic Univ. of America Law Review 16 (1967), 380 f.Google Scholar).

³ Bell. 1, 11, 11–12.

⁴ Varia 6, 5: ‘haec (quaestura) nostris cogitationibus necessario familiariter applicatur, ut proprie dicere possit quod nos sentire cognoscit: arbitrium suae voluntatis deponit et ita mentis nostrae velle suscepit ut a nobis magis putetur exisse quod loquitur.’

⁵ Hist. Arcana 6, 12.

⁶ To be found in J. P. Migne, Pair. Lat. 63, 426 (1 Aug. 518); 427 (13 Sept. 518); 448; 480 (19 Jan. 520); 486 (9 July 520); 526 (17 Nov. 519); 487; 499 (31 Aug. 520, received 1 Oct. 520); 501 (13 Sept. 520, rec. 30 Nov. 520); 521 (1 March 521). In one or two instances Migne's dates have been amended. A possible eleventh letter is discussed at nn. 28–30 below.

Proclus' style is marked by clausulae with four main stresses of which the phrase parca posterioris subtilitas principis (n. 2 above) is a good example.

⁷ Hist. Arcana 14, 2–3: πρῶτα μὲν γὰρ οὐδὲνἐς βασιλικὸν ἀξίωμα ἐπιτηδείως ἔχον οὔτε αὐτὸς εἶχεν οὔτε ξυμφυλάσσειν ἠξίου, ἀλλὰ τήν τε γλῶτταν καὶ τὸ σχῆμα καὶ τὴν διάνοιαν ἐβαρβάριζεν. ὀσα τε γράφεσθαι πρὸς αὐτοῦ βούλοιτο, οὐ τῷ τὴν κοιαίστωρος ἔχοντι τιμήν, ᾗπερ εἰώθει, ἐπέστελλε διοικεῖσθαι (? γράφεσθαι, ἐξοίσεσθαι, οἵεσθαι), ἀλλ᾿ αὐτός τε τὰ πλεῖστα, καίπερ οὕτω τῆς γλώττης ἔχων, ἐκφέρειν ἠξίου.

⁸ Procopius, Bell. 1, 11, 11; Hist. Arc. 6, 13; CJ 12, 19, 15 (‘Iustinus et Iustinianus AA. Tatiano mag. off.: excelsae memoriae Proculo viro suggerente’).

⁹ CJ 7, 63, 5 (‘Imp. Iustinianus A. Triboniano quaestori sacri palatii’).

¹⁰ Procopius, Bell. 1, 24, 17; cf. Bury, J. B., History of the Later Roman Empire ii (repr. 1958), 41Google Scholar.

¹¹ Procopius, Bell. 1, 24, 18.

¹² Nov. 17 (‘Imp. Iustinianus Triboniano quaestori sacri palatii et exconsuli’).

¹³ Nov. 75 ( = 104 ‘Idem Aug. Triboniano quaestori sacri palatii’).

¹⁴ Stein, E., ‘Deux questeurs de Justinien et l'emploi des langues dans ses novelles’, Bulletin de la classe des lettres de l'Académie royale de Belgique, 5e série xxiii (1937), 365Google Scholar.

¹⁵ Hist. Arc. 20, 19 (οὐχ ἧσσον τε ῆ ἑπτὰ ἐνιαυτῶν χρόνον τοῦτον ἡ πολιτεία τὸν γέλωτα ῶφλεν).

¹⁶ Ib. 20, 20–3.

¹⁷ ‘After thirty-two of Justinian’ counting from the reign of Justin (Hist. Arc. 18, 33; 23, 1; 24, 29, 33 and for the backdating of his reign 6, 26 and Aed. I 3, 3).

¹⁸ Mansi, J. D., Sacrorum Conciliorum Nova et Amplissima Collectio ix (Florence, 1759–1798), 197, 198Google Scholar (second session, 8 May 553).

¹⁹ Above, n. 15.

²⁰ Patr. Lat. 63, 430 (after 13 Sept. 518, see ibid. 63, 427); 63, 450(same); 63, 475; 63, 476 A; 476 C (all before 19 Jan. 520, see ibid. 63, 480); 63, 485 (before 9 July 520, ibid. 63, 486); 63, 496 (received Rome 17 Sept. 520); 63, 507 (after 13 Sept. 520, ibid. 63, 501); 63, 508 (521); 63, 530 (not later than 523: Hormisdas died 6 August 523).

²¹ Patr. Lat. 66, 14 (6 June 533). John was Pope from 2 Jan. 533 to 8 May 535.

²² Patr. Lat. 66, 35 (535). Agapetus was Pope from 13 May 535 to 22 April 536.

²³ Patr. Lat. 66, 41; 42 (the latter 15 March 535).

²⁴ Patr. Lat. 69, 30. Late 543 or early 544.

²⁵ Patr. Lat. 69, 119 (23 May 550).

²⁶ Patr. Lat. 69, 119 (22 May 550).

²⁷ CJ 1, 1, 8, 7, cited in John II's letter to Justinian of 6 April 534.

²⁸ Patr. Lat. 63, 485.

²⁹ Thiel, A., Epistolae romanorum pontificum genuinae i (Brunsberg, 1868)Google Scholar, Ep. 114.

³⁰ O. Guenther, Corpus Script. Eccles. Lat. 35 (Epistulae imperatorum etc., Prague, 1895), Ep. 193.

³¹ The Patr. Lat. line is the same length as the CJ line in the stereotype edition.

³² Mayr, R. v. & Nicolò, M. San, Vocabularium Codicis Iustiniani (2 vols, repr. Hildesheim 1965)Google Scholar.

³³ To calculate the approximate number of words multiply the number of lines by 6·6.

³⁴ Not counting undated constitutions of this reign nor any texts drafted in the quaestorship of Basilides but in fact by Tribonian as chairman of the Digest commission.

³⁵ Kihn, H., Theodor von Mopsuestia und Iunilus Africanus als Exegeten (1880), 222–48Google Scholar; E. Stein, op. cit. (n. 14), 365, 380. The Instituta regularia, a work of Nestorian tendency, must have been written about 542, either just before or shortly after the appointment of Junilus as quaestor.

³⁶ CJ 7, 63, 3 (1 December 518); 5, 27, 7 (9 Nov. 519); 2, 7, 25 (1 Dec. 519); 7, 63, 4 (28 May 520); 6, 22, 8 (1 June 521); 2, 7, 26 (13 Feb. 524); 1, 3, 40 = 6, 23, 23 (19 Nov. 524); 2, 7, 27 (20 Nov. 524); 12, 33, 5 (25 Dec. 524); 7, 39, 7 (1 Dec. 525); 9, 19, 6 (1 Dec. 526).

³⁷ CJ 4, 30, 13; 5, 4, 23; 7, 62, 34; 12, 19, 13 (Proculo qsp.); 12, 19, 14 (all Justin); 5, 3, 19 (Iust. et. Iust.).

³⁸ Above, n. 6.

³⁹ Patr. Lat. 69, 30 (4 May 553).

⁴⁰ Patr. Lat. 66, 36 C (after Nov. 533 = CJ, 1, 1, 8, 7, 6 June 533).

⁴¹ See n. 33 and cf. 63, 508 C (quam solliciti semper fuerimus propter uniendas ecclesias).

⁴² Patr. Lat. 69, 177, and cf. the letter about Theodore of Mopsuestia in Greek (ibid. 69, 267) which begins Σπουδὴ μὲν γέγονεν ἀεὶ τοῖς ὀρθοδόξοις, καὶ εὐσεβῶς προβεβασιλευκόσι τοῖς ἡμετέροις πατράσι.

⁴³ Patr. Lat. 63, 510 A.

⁴⁴ Ibid.

⁴⁵ CJ I, 27, 2 pr. (semper progredimur), 9 b (semper providimus).

⁴⁶ C. Cordi … pr. (16 Nov. 534) (cordi nobis est … semper, impendere); 1, 17, 2 pr. (tanta est providentia … ut semper nos sustentare dignetur).

⁴⁷ Patr. Lat. 63, 501, Justin to Hormisdas: quo fuimus semper et quo sumus studio, palam fecisse dignoscimur (13 Sept. 520).

⁴⁸ Nov. 114 (1 Nov. 541).

⁴⁹ Patr. Lat. 63, 431 B (scimus etenim litteras vestrae beatitudinis quid super hac eadem causa contineant); 63, 476 A (nostri iubete iugiter facere memoriam); 63, 477 A (petimus vos disponere cautius ut ne locus … detur); 63, 497 A–B (cognoscat vester apostolatus compositis … capitulis universos sacerdotes istius reipublicae libenter amplecti vestram communionem); 66, 42 C (et profitemur ista inconcusse servari, quatenus suam habeant firmitatem).

⁵⁰ Indeed a letter of 521 (Patr. Lat. 63, 509 B), when Justinian was only consul, runs ultra non patiemur a quoquam controversiam religionis in republica nostra moveri, nec vestram sanctitatem convenit audire superflua concertantes. This supports Procopius, Hist. Arcana 6, 19 (ἀδελφιδοῦς δὲ αὐτῷ [Justin] Ἰουστινιανὸς νέος ὢν ἔτι διῳκεῖτο τὴν ἀρχὴν ξύμπασαν his nephew Justinian while still young conducted the whole government).

⁵¹ Patr. Lat. 63, 450 C.

⁵² Ib. 450 D.

⁵³ Ib. 508 D.

⁵⁴ Ib. 509 B.

⁵⁵ CJ 1, 27, 1, 5 (quod per me ultimum servum suum); 9 (per nos ultimos servos suos) (April 534).

⁵⁶ Sanctitudo tua (63, 428 A bis; 499 C; 502 A;) beatitudo tua (63, 428 A; 480 B; but vestra beatitudo 63, 526 A); vestra reverentia … suis orationibus (63, 487 A); vestra benivolentia (63, 502 B); vestra sedes (63, 502 C), vestra lenitas (63, 502 C): vestra apostolatus (63, 502 C, contrast 63, 509 B, Justinian: tuus apostolatus).

⁵⁷ Proclus for Euphemia says beatitudinis vestrae litteras (Pair. Lot. 63, 487 B), perhaps because for a woman tuae would be too intimate. But see 63, 526 A, n. 56 above. Euphemia is made to speak of nomen meum probably because a name is strictly personal (63, 487 B).

⁵⁸ Patr. Lot. 63, 450 D: 475 B.

⁵⁹ Ib. 508 B.

⁶⁰ Ib. 507 D.

⁶¹ Ib. 36 D; 66, 43 C; 69, 37 B.

⁶² CJ 1, 12, 6 (466); 12, 29, 2 (474); 12, 35, 17 (Zeno); 1, 17, 2, 13 and 19 (16 Dec. 533); 1, 1, 8, 12, 15, 16 and 24 (6 June 533); 1, 27, 1, 8, (Apr. 534); 1, 29, 5 (‘Iustinianus A. Zetae mag. mil. per Armeniam’ etc.).

⁶³ CJ 12, 29, 2; 12, 35, 17, cf. n. 55 above.

⁶⁴ CJ 1, 17, 2, 19 (16 Dec. 533).

⁶⁵ CJ 1, 17, 2, 12 (16 Dec. 533).

⁶⁶ Patr. Lat. 63, 431 B; 475 C, bis; 496B; 507B; 66, 36 C, bis; 69, 31 C; 32 A; 33 B; 33 C, bis.

⁶⁷ Ib. 66, 36 C.

⁶⁸ Ib. 69, 31 C.

⁶⁹ CJ 2, 36, 1 (200); 9, 40, 1 pr. (211); 12, 22, 2, 2 (357); 8, 50, 19 pr. (366); 11, 6, 2 (372); 11, 8, 7, 1 (380); 5, 9, 2 (381); 11, 5, 9, 8 (388–92); 10, 48, 15, 1 (395); 1, 9, 9 (396); 12, 50, 16 (397); 12, 35, 13 (398); 1, 2, 9 pr. 11, 18, 1 pr. (439); 1, 3, 31, 1 (472); 1, 51, 14, 2 (27 Sept. 529); 8, 33, 3, 2 (18 March 530); 7, 37, 3, 5 (27 Nov. 531); 8, 10, 14, 2 (18 Oct. 532); 1, 8, 8, 8 and 22 (6 June 533); 1, 27, 1, 15 and 20 (Apr. 534); 1, 27, 2, 4, 4a and 15 (13 Apr. 534).

⁷⁰ Patr. Lat. 63, 476 D.

⁷¹ Ib. 497 A, 508 B.

⁷² Ib. 63, 431 B.

⁷³ CJ 1, 14, 31, 1 (1 Oct. 531); 7, 40, 2, 1 (18 Oct. 531); 8, 10, 14, 2 (18 Oct. 532); 1, 17, 2, 18 (16 Dec. 533).

⁷⁴ Patr. Lat. 69, 37 B.

⁷⁵ Ib. 63, 476 B.

⁷⁶ Ib. 69, 34 A.

⁷⁷ Ib. 63, 431 A; cf. sine ulla dilatione (Patr. Lat. 69, 119 B).

⁷⁸ Ib. 69, 33 C.

⁷⁹ CJ 3, 13, 7, 1 (15 Feb. 502); 4, 35, 22, 3 (23 July 505); 2, 7, 23, 2 (20 Nov. 506); 12, 19, 11 (Anast.).

⁸⁰ Patr. Lat. 63, 508 B.

⁸¹ Ib. 69, 37 B.

⁸² Ib. 63, 475 B and D.

⁸³ CJ 1, 2, 11 = 10, 49, 2 (445), iter arripimus. Not in C. Th., but found in some fourth-century writers: Thes. Ling. Lat. 2, 643, 34.

⁸⁴ n. 82 above and Patr. Lat. 63, 496 A.

⁸⁵ CJ 9, 21, 1 pr. (300 ?); 2, 6, 6, 5 (368); 12, 60, 2 (395); 8, 11, 13, 2 (398); 9, 2, 17 pr. (423); 1, 9, 18 pr. (439); 1, 2, 11 (445); 1, 4, 15; 2, 6, 8 (468); 12, 33, 4 (472 ? ); 1, 51, 14 pr. (27 Sept. 529); 7, 62, 32, 1 (Theo. et Val.); 12, 35, 16 (Leo).

⁸⁶ Patr. Lat. 63, 431 B.

⁸⁷ Ib. 431B; 496 B.

⁸⁸ CJ 9, 9, 32 (392); 11, 10, 7, 2 (Leo, bis); 7, 63, 5, 4 (17 Sept. 529); 5, 37, 26, 1 (23 Aug. 531).

⁸⁹ CJ 4, 3, 1 (394). In CJ 1, 3, 45, 4 (18 Oct. 530) moras is the genitive singular of mora.

⁹⁰ Patr. Lat. 63, 496 B. Guenther (n. 30 above) reads moras innectit: CSEL 35, Ep. 196.

⁹¹ Ib. 63, 450 D.

⁹² Ib. 63, 431 A.

⁹³ Ib. 63, 450 D.

⁹⁴ Ib. 63, 475 C.

⁹⁵ Ib. 63, 475 C.

⁹⁶ Ib. 63, 508 A.

⁹⁷ Ib. 63, 476 B.

⁹⁸ Ib. 63, 508 B.

⁹⁹ Ib. 476 A and D.

¹⁰⁰ CJ 6, 2, 2 (204); 11, 18, 1, 2 (439); 5, 59, 4 (20 Feb. 531).

¹⁰¹ Patr. Lat. 63, 476 A; CJ 8, 11, 12 (396).

¹⁰² Patr. Lat. 63, 431 B; 69, 34 A.

¹⁰³ Voc. Cod. lust. i, 2177.

¹⁰⁴ Patr. Lat. 63, 449 B (Justin, 22 Apr. 519: enim gratius reperiri potest ? quid iustius ? quid illustrius ?); cf. 63,486 D (Justin, 9 July 520, ulterius, remissius); 63, 526 A (Justin, 13 Sept. 520, praestantius); 63, 526 A (Justin, 17 Nov. 519, opportunius); cf. 63, 485 C (temperantius or temperatius, expeditius, above n. 28–30).

¹⁰⁵ Perhaps (though for present purposes one must not assume this) Proclus influenced Justinian's style in this respect.

¹⁰⁶ His De laude imperatoris Anastasii belongs perhaps to A.D. 503: J. B. Bury, op. cit. (above, n. 10), 12.

¹⁰⁷ Patr. Lat. 63, 430 A.

¹⁰⁸ Ib. 63, 475 D; 69, 36 A.

¹⁰⁹ CJ 1, 14, 8, 1 (446).

¹¹⁰ CJ 1, 3, 54, 2 (533–4).

¹¹¹ Patr. Lat. 63, 476 B.

¹¹² Ib. 69, 119 A and D.

¹¹³ Ib. 69, 119 B and D.

¹¹⁴ Ib. 69. 34 A.

¹¹⁵ Ib. 69, 36 A, bis.

¹¹⁶ CJ 1, 1, 8, 25 (6 Apr. 534), ea sapitis, ea scripsistis, ea populis fidelibus publicastis.

¹¹⁷ Patr. Lat. 69, 34 C.

¹¹⁸ Ib. 66, 35 C. Ante for ‘ago’ recurs in CJ 1, 27, 1, 1 (ante centum et quinque annos).

¹¹⁹ Ib. 63, 508 B. Cf. 63, 485 C, visum est itaque convenire ut nec faciamus impetum contra infinitarum yota multitudinum. The end is good, the beginning inept, and the mixture points to Justinian as the author rather than Justin-Proclus. Cf. nn. 28–30 above.

¹²⁰ Ib. 69, 31 C.

¹²¹ Ib. 69, 32 D.

¹²² Ib. 69, 31 B.

¹²³ Ib. 63, 476 D.

¹²⁴ Ib. 509 A. Guenther (CSEL 35, Ep. 235) reads non est igitur 〈grave quod〉 suasit vestra sedes ut praestet. Imitari debetis etenim … Leonem.

¹²⁵ Ib. 63, 496 C.

¹²⁶ i.e. the papacy, having said that communion with the eastern churches could be restored once the name of Acacius was struck from the diptychs, should not now try to insist that his successors be struck out as well. Thiel, Hormisdas, Ep. 120. But the phrase is still incoherent, since the Pope cannot now praestare what his predecessor suasit the eastern church to praestare.

¹²⁷ Patr. Lat. 63, 475 D. The sense requires removeatur or the like.

¹²⁸ Ib. 63, 476 A.

¹²⁹ CJ 1, 17,2, pr.(16 Dec. 533).

¹³⁰ CJ 1, 17, 2 pr. (16 Dec. 533).

¹³¹ Just. Nov. 7, 1 (15 Apr. 535): οὐ τῇ πατρίῳ φωνῇ … ἀλλὰ ταύτῃ δὴ τῇ κοινῇ τε καὶ ἑλλάδι; 15 praef. (13 Aug. 535): τῇ πατρίῳ φωνῇ; 13 praef. 1, 1 (15 Oct. 535): ἡ μὲν γὰρ πάτριος ἡμῶν φωνὴ…καὶ τῇ μὲν ἡμετέρᾳ φωνῇ praetores plebis.

¹³² Hist. Arcana 14, 2 (n. 7 above).

¹³³ Patr. Lat. 63, 508 B, aeternitatis igitur supernae non immemor sanctitas vestra deproperet, ut ita intellegant cuncti recte vos apostolicae sedis esse primatum sortitos; 63, 509 B, ostendat ergo tuus apostolatus quod Petro successit apostolo … nec vestram sanctitatem convenit audire superflua concertantes; 63, 510 B, habentes prae oculis iudidum maiestatis supernae modis omnibus festinare dignemini.

¹³⁴ Ib. 63, 475 C; 476D; 477A; 496A; 508B; 509 A; 66, 36 C and D; 69, 32 A.

¹³⁵ CJ 3, 8, 1 (203); 4( 29, 2 (213); 8, 45, 1, 1 (223); 3, 33, 6 (230); 9, 23, 6(290); 9, 22, 2 (316); 3, 11, 2 (318); 5, 5, 3; 7, 62, 15 (319); 3. 12, 2 (321); 7, 16, 42 (322); 6, 7, 2, 1 (326); 6, 9, 8 (320/326); 10, 32, 41 (340); 2, 6, 6 pr. (368); 10 33, 33, 1 (381); 1, 7, 21 (391); 9, 7, 1 pr. (393); 4, 3, 11 (394); 11, 24, 1 (416); 1, 5, 5, 1 (428); 11, 59, 17(444); 5, 14, 9, 4 (468); 5, 3. 18 (479); 5, 27, 7, 1 (519); 1, 1, 8, 8, 22 (6 June 533); 9, 13, 1, 2 (18 Nov. 533); 1, 27, 2, 4b and 9b (13 Apr. 534); 4, 39, 2 (Ant.); 7, 46, 2 (Alex.); 10, 34, 3 pr. (Zeno), 7, 51, 6(Anast.).

¹³⁶ Note the eight texts between these dates in n. 135 above.

¹³⁷ Patr. Lat. 69, 32 A.

¹³⁸ Ib. 63, 507 A.

¹³⁹ Ib. 63, 431B; 475 B; 496C; 508 B; 509 A; 66, 42 B.

¹⁴⁰ Ib. 63, 497 A; 66,43 c.

¹⁴¹ Ib. 63, 475 C; 69, 34 C and D; 36 D.

¹⁴² Ib. 69, 36 A.

¹⁴³ Ib. 66, 43 C.

¹⁴⁴ CJ 10, 34, 2, 1 (428); 10, 35, 2, 7 (443); 12, 21, 8, 7; 1, 3, 36 pr. (483–4); 3, 24, 3, 3 (485–6); 4, 20, 14 (486); 6, 49, 6, 1 and 3 (489); 11, 62, 14, 2 (491, bis); 7, 39, 7, 1 (1 Dec. 525); 6, 23, 29, 5 (20 Feb. 531); 6, 61, 8, 5a (29 July 531); 5, 37, 28, 2b (21 Oct. 531); 7, 72, 14, 3 (18 Oct. 532, bis); 7, 37, 2, 1; 2, 29, 3, 1 (Zeno); 12, 37, 16, 1 (Anast.). The expression is mainly found in a quaestor of late Zeno and early Anastasius. Sicut praedictum est occurs in CJ 1, 27, 2, 7 (13 Apr. 534); 6, 23, 31, 5 (5 July 534).

¹⁴⁵ n. 144 above.

¹⁴⁶ Patr. Lat. 63, 507 A; 508 C; 509 A; 66, 43 A (sicut ante prophetae et ipse nos Christus erudivit); 69,33 C; 36 B; 37 A.

¹⁴⁷ Too numerous to set out: Voc. Cod. Iust. 1, 2260–1.

¹⁴⁸ Patr. Lat. 63, 475 B and D.

¹⁴⁹ Ib. 63, 475 C, bis.

¹⁵⁰ Ib. 63, 476 B and B–C.

¹⁵¹ Ib. 63, 476 C and D.

¹⁵² Ib. 63, 475 C, bis.

¹⁵³ Ib. 66, 35 C.

¹⁵⁴ Ib. 63, 496 A.

¹⁵⁵ Ib. 69, 34 A.

¹⁵⁶ n. 48 above.

¹⁵⁷ Patr. Lat. 63, 431 A; 509 B. In the first passage Guenther (CSEL 35, Ep. 147) and Thiel (Hormisdas, Ep. 44) read convenit ordiri consensum, an implausible phrase.

¹⁵⁸ Ib. 63, 476 B, C; 496 B; 510 B.

¹⁵⁹ CJ 3, 12, 1 (305); 8, 11, 8 (385); 8, 50, 20, 5 (409); 1, 27, 2, 4b (13 Apr. 534).

¹⁶⁰ Patr. Lat. 63, 430 (optavimus); 476 A (optamus); 486 B; 496 B.

¹⁶¹ CJ 12, 28, 2, 2 (319); 1, 2, 1 (321); 11, 48, 5 (366); 5, 35, 2, 1 (390); 4, 3, 1 (394); 12, 57, 10 (407); 11, 10, 4 pr. (412); 9, 2, 19, 1 (423); 11, 19, 1, 3 (425); 12, 16, 3, 3 (432); 12, 33, 5 pr. (524); 1, 17, 1, 2 (15 Dec. 530); 1, 17, 2 pr. (16 Dec. 533); 1, 27, 1, 15 (Apr. 534).

¹⁶² CJ 11, 19, 1, 3 (425); 1, 27, 1, 15 (Apr. 534).

¹⁶³ CJ 1, 17, 2 pr. (16 Dec. 533).

¹⁶⁴ Patr. Lat. 63, 430 D; 431 A; 450 D; 475 C and D; 476 D; 496 C and D; 501 B; 508 A and D.

¹⁶⁵ CJ 1, 50, 2 (427); 5, 4, 23 pr. (520–3); 1, 17, 1, 4 (15 Dec. 530), 6, 61, 7 pr. (18 March 530); 1, 17, 2 pr. (16 Dec. 533); 1, 1, 8, 36 and 38 (from pope John II, 6 Apr. 534); 1, 27, 1, 1; 5 and 8 (Apr. 534).

¹⁶⁶ Ib. 1, 1, 8, 7–24 (6 June 533).

¹⁶⁷ Ib. 1, 1, 8.

¹⁶⁸ Patr. Lat. 66, 35.

¹⁶⁹ CJ 1, 1, 8, 8; cf. Patr. Lat. 66, 36 C.

¹⁷⁰ Ib. 1, 1, 8, 8; cf. Patr. Lat. 66, 36 c.

¹⁷¹ Ib. 1, 1, 8, 8; cf. Patr, Lat. 66, 36 C.a hapax in CJ, but 1, 27, 1, 15 has festinemus (Apr. 534).

¹⁷² CF 1, 1, 8, 22 (6 June 533).

¹⁷³ Ib. 1, 1, 8, 11 (6 June 533).

¹⁷⁴ Ib. 1, 3, 54 Pr. (Idem = Iustinianus Iohanni pp.).

¹⁷⁵ Ib. 1, 4, 31, 1 (1 Oct. 531); 7, 40, 2, 1 (18 Oct. 531).

¹⁷⁶ Ib. 1, 1, 8, 11 and 17.

¹⁷⁷ Ib. 1, 1, 8, 11 (ut dictum est); 18 (sicut dictum est).

¹⁷⁸ Ib. 1, 1, 8, 19 (sicut vestra apostolica sedes docet).

¹⁷⁹ Ib. 1, 1, 8, 11 and 23.

¹⁸⁰ Ib. 1, 1, 8, 11 and 15.

¹⁸¹ Ib. 1, 1, 8, 11, 15, and 18.

¹⁸² Ib. 1, 1, 8, 11.

¹⁸³ Ib. 1, 1, 8, 9.

¹⁸⁴ Ib. 1, 1, 8, 11.

¹⁸⁵ Ib. 1, 1, 8, 23.

¹⁸⁶ Ib. 1, 27, 1 (Apr. 534).

¹⁸⁷ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 5.

¹⁸⁸ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 9.

¹⁸⁹ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 9: cf. Patr. Lat. 63, 476 A, n. 25 above.

¹⁹⁰ Inst. 2, 20, 35 fin. (impossible or immoral legacies).

¹⁹¹ CJ 10, 11, 2, 1 (6 Sept. 238, Gordian III shortly after becoming sole emperor: ne quid in persona tua quod est sectae temporum meorum alienum adtemptetur).

¹⁹² Ib. 2, 3, 30, 4 (1 Nov. 531): secta temporum meorum non patitur.

¹⁹³ Nov. 36, 6 (1 Jan. 535).

¹⁹⁴ Of which he was capable: hence the joke, taken seriously by Justinian, that Tribonian was afraid he might be swept up into heaven on account of his piety (Procopius, Hist. Arcana 13, 12).

¹⁹⁵ Patr. Lat. 63, 487 B.

¹⁹⁶ Ib. 63, 449 B.

¹⁹⁷ CJ 1, 27, 1, 1 (Apr. 534).

¹⁹⁸ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 21–42, 174 lines.

¹⁹⁹ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 23 (ter), 24 (quat.).

²⁰⁰ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 15, and 20.

²⁰¹ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 15.

²⁰² Ib. 1, 27, 1, 16; 1, 27, 2, 15 (13 Apr. 534).

²⁰³ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 1 and 8.

²⁰⁴ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 8.

²⁰⁵ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 8.

²⁰⁶ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 8.

²⁰⁷ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 10, 12 and 21.

²⁰⁸ Ib. 1, 27, 2, 7 (13 Apr. 534).

²⁰⁹ Patr. Lat. 63, 476 A; cf. 63, 430 D (optavimm).

²¹⁰ CJ I, 27, 1, 15.

²¹¹ Ib. 11, 19, 1, 3(425).

²¹² Ib. 1, 1, 8, 11 (6 June 533).

²¹³ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 43.

²¹⁴ Ib. 8, 50, 4, 1 (290); 10, 72, 8 (386); 6, 22, 8, Ib (521); 6, 51, 1, 16 (1 June 534).

²¹⁵ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 20 (bis).

²¹⁶ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 20 (bis).

²¹⁷ Ib. 9, 19, 4, 3 (357); 9, 39, 2, 2 (451); 5, 51, 13, 3 (1 Aug. 530); 3, 1, 13, 6 (27 March 530).

²¹⁸ Ib. 9, 24, 14 (321); 8, 51, 2 pr. (374); 10, 22, 1, 4 (410); 10, 36, 1, 4 (442); 1, 12, 5 (451); 1, 27 1, 20 (bis); 1, 27, 2, 17a (13 Apr. 534); 1, 3, 54, 11 (533–4); II, 43, 10. 3 (Zeno) and n. 21 above.

²¹⁹ Ib. 1, 27, 2, 17a (13 Apr. 534).

²²⁰ Ib. 1, 3. 54. 11 (533–4).

²²¹ Ib. 5, 51, 13, 3 (1 Aug. 530); 3, 1, 13, 6 (27 March 530).

²²² Ib. 9, 30, 1 (384); II, 9, 4, 4 (424); 10, 12, 2, ia (444); 7, 51, 4 (450); 1, 5, 18, 3 (455); 1, 4, 15, bis; 2, 6, 8, bis; 9, 12, 10, 2 (468); 3, 12, 9, 3 (469); 1, 27, 1, 20, bis (Apr. 534).

²²³ n. 222 above.

²²⁴ CJ I, 27, 1, 1.

²²⁵ Thes. Ling. Lat. 3, 369.

²²⁶ CJ I, 27, 1, 43.

²²⁷ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 18.

²⁸⁸ Ib. 1, 27, 2 pr. (13 Apr. 534).

²²⁹ Ib. 1, 27, 2, 4, 4a and 15.

²³⁰ Ib. 1, 27, 2, 15.

²³¹ Ib. 1, 27, 2, 17a.

²³² Ib. 1, 27, 2, 13.

²³³ Ib. 1, 27, 2, 11.

²³⁴ Patr. Lat. 63, 496 D.

²³⁵ CJ I, 27, 2, 4, and 7.

²³⁶ Ib. 1, 27, 2, 7.

²³⁷ Patr. Lat. 69, 36 A.

²³⁸ CJ I, 27, 1, 8 and 15.

²³⁹ Ib. 1, 27, 2, 4, 4b and 10.

²⁴⁰ Ib. 4, 65, 1 (213); 1, 2, 14, 2 (470); 1, 2, 37, 16, 4a (Anastasius).

²⁴¹ Ib. 1, 27, 1, 5.

²⁴² Ib. 1, 27, 2, 5 and 14.

²⁴³ Ib. 2, 12, 16, 2; 4, 26, 7, 3 (293); 11, 33, 2 (3H); I, 35, 1 (320); 7. 4. 11 pr. (‘Diocl. et Max. AA et CC’).

²⁴⁴ ‘Iustinianus Iohanni pp.’, between 17 Nov. 533 and 12 Sept. 534.

²⁴⁵ CJ I, 3, 54 pr.

²⁴⁶ nn. 207–8 above.

²⁴⁷ CJ I, 3, 54. 2.

²⁴⁸ nn. 108–110 above.

²⁴⁹ CJ I, 3, 54, 2 in fin.

²⁵⁰ Of thirty-two such texts in CJ twenty-four are by their dates, and three others (apart from the present text) by their style, Tribonian's: 3, 15, 1 (196); 5, 37, 22, 3 (326); 3. 66, 5, 1 (383–4); 4, 32, 26 pr. (11 Dec. 528, Thomas); 4, 1, 11 pr.; 6, 57, 5, 1 (17 Sept. 529); 3, 28, 33, 1 (17 Oct. 529); 4, 21, 21, 4 (20 Feb. 530); 5, 12, 31, 6; 5, 27, 11, 3 (18 March 530); 4, 28, 7 pr.; 4, 29, 24, 1 (1 Aug. 530); 3, 33, 16, 1: 7, 4, 15 (1 Oct. 530); 4, 31, 14, 1; 5. 13, 1, 14a, ter (1 Nov. 530); 4, 18, 2, 1; 6, 40, 2, 2 (20 Feb. 531); 6, 43, 3, 2a; 2, 52, 7 pr. (1 Sept. 531); 7, 31, 1 pr. (18 Oct. 531); 7, 61, 1, 8 (1 Nov. 531); 6, 30, 22, 1 and 5; 7, 37, 3, 1a (27 Nov. 531); 11, 48, 22, 4 (531); all Tribonian by date and 7, 24, 1 (531–4), 11, 48, 23 (531–4), 2, 3, 5, 2 (531–3), Tribonian by style.

²⁵¹ There are fourteen texts in CJ: 9, 51, 13 pr. (321); 11, 2, 1 (357); 12, 35, 13, 1 (398); 10, 19, 7, 1 (401); 1, 51, 5 (415); 11. 60, 3 pr; 12, 25, 1 (416); 3, 4, 1, 2 (440); 2, 7, 9 (442); 6, 37, 26, 1 (18 Oct. 532); 1, 27, 2, 13 and 15 (13 Apr. 534); 12, 29 1 (Zeno); 1, 3, 54, 7 (533–4).

²⁵² CJ 1, 3, 54, 11.

²⁵³ p. 108 above.

²⁵⁴ CJ 1, 3, 54, II.

²⁵⁵ Adversus Originem (Patr. Lat. 69, 177–226); Confessio rectae fidei adversus tria capitula (Patr. Lat. 69, 226–67); Epistula ad sanctam synodum de Theodoro Mopsuesteno etc. (63, 267–74); Epistula ad nonnullos impium Theodorum etc. propugnantes (63, 273–327)

²⁵⁶ There are 5, 842 lines of Greek out of 57,176, which is 10·2 per cent.

²⁵⁷ CJ 1, 1, 6 pr. (15 March 533).

²⁵⁸ Ib. 1, 1, 6, 1.

²⁵⁹ Ib. 1, 1, 6, 3: οὐ καινίζοντες πίστιν, μὴ γένοιτο; 1, 1, 7, 19 (27 March 533): ὄπερ οὐκ ἐνδέχεται πραχθῆναί ποτε, μὴ γένοιτο: ‘which can never happen—and may it never happen’, incoherent.

²⁶⁰ Sixteen uses: CJ 1, 1, 5, 1, a and 3 (527 ?); 1, 1, 6, 4, 6 (bis) and 8 (13 March 533); 1, 1, 7, 4 (bis), 7 (quat.), 8, 10 and 11 (7 Apr. 533).

²⁶¹ CJ I, 1, 6, 3 says that Justinian made his theological views clear at the beginning of the reign: the reference may be to CJ I, 1, 5. The reign began on 1 April 527 and Justinian became sole ruler on 1 August 527.

²⁶² Corpus Iuris Civilis iii (Schoell-Kroll 1919), 797, 799, 803Google Scholar.

²⁶³ CJC iii, 797.

²⁶⁴ It falls in the quaestorship of Tribonian but presents no clear mark of his authorship. Sicut occurs in the last sentence.

²⁶⁵ nn. 39–45 above.

²⁶⁶ CJ I, 2, 7, 2 and 5.

^267–8 On quia clauses after the main verb cf. n. 36 above.

²⁶⁹ On quoniam clauses after the main verb see nn. 31–5 above.

²⁷⁰ CJC iii, 797, 1, 25 and 28.

²⁷¹ Ibid. i, 17–18 cf. Patr. Lat. 63, 475 D (subito autem iter arripiente praedicto agente in rebus etiam duo pallia sacra ad ornamentum altaris sanctorum apostolorum direximus quas suscipientes efficacissimis precibus vestris nostri iubete iugiter facere memoriam).

²⁷² CJC iii, 797, 1, 15.

²⁷³ CJ 9, 19, 5 pr. (363); 2, 7, 17 pr. (474).

²⁷⁴ Patr. Lat. 63, 433 (Hormisdas to Justinian, Ep. 31); 63, 437 (Hormisdas to Euphemia, Ep. 33); 63, 440 (Hormisdas to Justinian, Ep. 37).

²⁷⁵ CJC iii, 797, l.23; cf. nn. 160–3 above.

²⁷⁶ Nov. 157.

²⁷⁷ Nov. 117.

²⁷⁸ CJC iii, 799 (appendix 6). E. Stein, op. cit (n. 14), 373 describes it as a translation from the original Greek, but without explanation. Perhaps he was struck by the awkwardness of the style.

²⁷⁹ n. 242 above.

²⁸⁰ nn. 148–52 above.

²⁸¹ nn. 232–4 above.

²⁸² n. 139 above.

²⁸³ CJC iii 797 (appendix 3, 20 Oct. 542), p. 120 above.

²⁸⁴ Ib. 803 (appendix 9).

²⁸⁵ nn. 108–10 above.

²⁸⁶ nn. 207–8 above.

²⁸⁷ nn. 212–4 above.

²⁸⁸ CJ I, 3, 54 (533–4).

²⁸⁹ Ib. 1, 1, 5 (527 ?); 1, 1, 6 (15 March 533); 1, 1, 7(6 Apr. 533).

²⁹⁰ Ib. 1, 1, 8, 7–24; 1, 27, 1; 1, 27, 2; and Appendices 3, 6, and 9 to the Novels come to 853 lines, the Fourteen Documents to 812.

²⁹¹ Procopius, Hist. Arcana 14, 3 f.

²⁹² Ib. 14, 2.

²⁹³ E.g. CJ 1, 2, 19 (528, Thomas); 1, 2, 21–3 (529 to March 530, Tribonian); 1, 3, 48–51 (23 Aug. 531 to 1 Nov. 531, Tribonian).

²⁹⁴ So to some extent does CJ 1, 3, 54 (533–4).

²⁹⁵ E. Stein, op. cit. (n. 14), 378.

²⁹⁶ Procopius, Hist. Arcana 20, 17.

²⁹⁷ Even Jones, A. H. M., Later Roman Empire i (1964), 270Google Scholar, ‘he (Justinian) was by the standards of the times well versed in Roman history and antiquities and took pleasure in reviving such antique titles as praetor and quaestor in their primitive significance’, apparently forgetting the quaestor's role which is described at LRE i, 352. Rubin, B., Das Zeitalter Iustinians i (Berlin, 1960), 89CrossRefGoogle Scholar makes the emperor a ‘romantisch-antiquarischer Restaurator’. Still more naive, Grupe, E., Kaiser Iustinian (Leipzig, 1923), 50Google Scholar, n. 3, and ‘Zur Latinität Iustinians’, ZSS 14 (1893), 224–37; 15 (1894), 327–42. The attribution of the mixed metaphors in the Corpus Iuris to Justinian's personal intervention, see Schubart, W., ‘Iustinians Corpus Iuris’, Die Antike 2 (1935), 265, 269Google Scholar, is mistaken; only Tribonian of the quaestors of the age is addicted to these.

²⁹⁸ Patr. Lat. 69, 181 C; 223 A, C and D; 69, 225 A.

²⁹⁹ Nov. 30 praef. (18 March 536: οἱ τῆς ἀρχαίας πολυμαθείας ἐρασταί) can be taken as a self-descriptive phrase of Tribonian.

³⁰⁰ nn. 272–3 above.

³⁰¹ nn. 82–3 above.

³⁰² C. Haec (13 Feb. 528: ‘haec quae necessario corrigenda multis retro principibus visa sunt, interea tamen nullus eorum hoc ad effectum ducere ausus est’… Thomas, but expressing also Justinian's field of vision).

³⁰³ CJ 1, 27, 1, 6 (6 Apr. S34: ‘quod beneficium dei antecessores nostri non meruerunt quibus non solum Africam liberare non licuit, sed et ipsam Romam viderunt ab eisdem Wandalis captain et omnia imperialia ornamenta in Africam exinde translata’). Leo unsuccessfully tried to reconquer North Africa in 468: the Vandals took Rome in 455.

³⁰⁴ The same is true mutatis mutandis of Justinian's Christianity, in which the immovable element is the Council of Chalcedon (451).

³⁰⁵ n. 141 above.

³⁰⁶ CJ 6, 35, 11, 2 and 3 (30 Apr. 531), ‘divi Marci prudentissimi principis…princeps philosophiae…Merito enim nobis sanctissimi Marci per omnia constitutionem replere placuit: nihil etenim actum esse credimus dum aliquid addendum superest’; 5, 17, 12 (11 Aug. 534): Μάρκῳ τῷ φιλοσοφωτάτῳ τῶν αὐτοκρατόρων; Nov. 22, 19 (18 March 536): ὁ φιλοσοφώτατος … Μᾶρκος; Nov. 60, 1(1 Dec. 537): Μᾶρκος ὁ φιλοσοφώτατος τῶν αὐτοκρατόρων; Nov. 108 praef. 2 (1 Feb. 541): ὁ φιλόσοφος ἐν βασιλεῦσι Μᾶρκος.

³⁰⁷ Procopius, Hist. Arcana 13, 2.