Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-cx56b Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-05T14:12:09.141Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Stellar Chromospheres

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

Jeffrey L. Linsky*
Affiliation:
Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, National Bureau of Standards and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309U.S.A.

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Important progress in our understanding of stellar chromospheres has occurred in the past few years as a result of new observations, developments in spectral line formation theory, and the application of that theory to the construction of detailed model chromospheres. Significant trends are beginning to emerge from such analyses, and we are on the threshold of a meaningful confrontation between purely theoretical models and the data. The range of stars thought to possess chromospheres may be widening, and we now have a better understanding of the enigmatic problem of why the Wilson-Bappu relation between Ca II emission core widths and stellar absolute visual magnitudes actually works.

Type
4. Some Effects of Stellar Turbulence
Copyright
Copyright © Springer-Verlag 1980

References

Anderson, C. M. 1974, Ap. J., 190, 585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Athay, R. G. 1970, Solar Phys., 11, 347.Google Scholar
Athay, R. G. 1976, The Solar Chromosphere and Corona: Quiet Sun, D. Reidel, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
Avrett, E. H. 1979, private communication.Google Scholar
Ayres, T. R. 1979a, Ap. J., 228, 509.Google Scholar
Ayres, T. R. 1979b, private communication.Google Scholar
Ayres, T. R. and Linsky, J. L. 1975, Ap. J., 200, 660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayres, T. R. and Linsky, J. L. 1976, Ap. J., 201, 212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayres, T. R. and Linsky, J. L. 1979, in preparation.Google Scholar
Ayres, T. R., Linsky, J. L., Rodgers, A. W., and Kurucz, R. L., 1976, Ap. J., 210, 199.Google Scholar
Ayres, T. R., Linsky, J. L., and Shine, R. A. 1974, Ap. J. 192, 93 (1974).Google Scholar
Ayres, T. R., Linsky, J. L., and Shine, R. A. 1975, Ap. J. (Letters), 195, L121.Google Scholar
Baliunas, S. L., Avrett, E. H., Hartmann, L., and Dupree, A. K. 1979, Ap. J. (Letters), in press.Google Scholar
Baliunas, S. L. and Dupree, A. K. 1979, Ap. J., 227, 870.Google Scholar
Barnes, T. G. and Evans, D. S. 1976, M.N.R.A.S., 174, 489.Google Scholar
Basri, G. S. 1979, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Colorado.Google Scholar
Basri, G. S. and Linsky, J. L. 1979, Ap. J., in press.Google Scholar
Basri, G. S., Linsky, J. L., Bartoe, J.-D. F., Brueckner, G., and Van Hoosier, M. E. 1979, Ap. J., 230, 924.Google Scholar
Beckers, J. M., Bridges, C. A., and Gilliam, L. B. 1976, A High Resolution Spectral Atlas of the Solar Irradiance from 380 to 700 Nanometers, Vol. 1 [AFGL-TR-76-0126(1)].Google Scholar
Bernat, A. P. and Lambert, D. L. 1976, Ap. J., 204, 803.Google Scholar
Blanco, C, Catalano, S., and Marilli, E., 1976, Astr. Ap., 48, 19.Google Scholar
Blanco, C., Catalano, S., and Marilli, E. 1978, Proceedings of the 4th International Colloquium on Astrophysics.Google Scholar
Blanco, C, Catalano, S., Marilli, E., and Rodono, M. 1974, Astr. Ap., 33, 257.Google Scholar
Bohm-Vitense, E. and Dettmann, T. 1979, Ap. J., in press.Google Scholar
Brown, A., Jordan, C., and Wilson, R. 1979, in Proceedings of the Symposium “The First Year of IUE,” to appear.Google Scholar
Carpenter, K. G. and Wing, R. F. 1979, B.A.A.S., 11, 419.Google Scholar
Chapman, G. A. 1977, Ap. J. Suppl., 33, 35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiù, H. Y., Adams, P. J., Linsky, J. L., Basri, G. S., Maran, S. P., and Hobbs, R. W. 1977, Ap. J., 211, 453.Google Scholar
Cook, J. W. and Nicolas, K. R. 1979, Ap. J., 229, 1163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cram, L. E. 1972, Solar Phys. 22, 375.Google Scholar
Cram, L. E., Krikorian, R., and Jefferies, J. T. 1979, Astr. Ap., 71, 14.Google Scholar
Cram, L. E. and Mullan, D. J. 1979, Ap. J., to appear.Google Scholar
Cram, L. E. and Ulmschneider, P. 1978, Astr. Ap., 62, 239.Google Scholar
de Jager, C., Kondo, Y., Hockstra, R., van der Hucht, K. A., Kamperman, T., Lamers, H. J. G. L. M., Modisette, J. L., and Morgan, T. 1979, Ap. J., 230, 534.Google Scholar
de Loore, C. 1970, Astr. Space Sci. 6, 60.Google Scholar
Deubner, F.-L. 1976, Astr. Ap., 51, 189.Google Scholar
Doherty, L. R. 1973, in Stellar Chromospheres, ed. Jordan, S. D. and Avrett, E. H., NASA SP-317, p. 99.Google Scholar
Doschek, G. A., Feldman, U., Mariska, J. T., and Linsky, J. L. 1978, Ap. J. (Letters), 226, L35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dravins, D., Lind, J., and Sarg, K. 1977, Astr. Ap., 54, 381.Google Scholar
Dupree, A. K., Black, J. H., Davis, R., Hartmann, L., and Raymond, J. C. 1979a, in Proceedings of the Symposium “The First Year of IUE,” (in press).Google Scholar
Dupree, A. K., Moore, R. T., and Shapiro, P. R. 1979b, Ap. J. (Letters), 229, L101.Google Scholar
Evans, R. G., Jordan, C., and Wilson, R. 1975, M.N.R.A.S., 172, 585.Google Scholar
Engvold, O. and Rygh, B. O. 1978, Astr. Ap., 70, 399.Google Scholar
Fosbury, R. A. E. 1973, Astr. Ap., 27, 129.Google Scholar
Fosbury, R. A. E. 1974, M.N.R.A.S., 169, 147.Google Scholar
Giampapa, M. S. 1979, private communication.Google Scholar
Goldberg, L. 1957, Ap. J., 126, 318.Google Scholar
Gough, D. O. 1976, Proc. IAU Colloq. No. 36, ed. Bonnet, R. M. and Delache, P. (Clermont-Fenand: Paris), p. 3.Google Scholar
Haisch, B. M. and Linsky, J. L. 1976, Ap. J. (Letters), 205, L39.Google Scholar
Haisch, B. M., Linsky, J. L. and Basri, G. S. 1979, Ap. J., in press.Google Scholar
Hartmann, L., Davis, R., Dupree, A. K., Raymond, J., Schmidtke, P. C., and Wing, R. F. 1979, Ap. J. (Letters), in press.Google Scholar
Heasley, J. N. 1975, Solar Phys., 44, 275.Google Scholar
Heasley, J. N., Ridgway, S. T. Carbon, D. F., Milkey, R. W., and Hall, D. N. B. 1978, Ap. J. 219, 970.Google Scholar
Herbig, G. H. 1962, Adv. Astr. Ap., 1, 47.Google Scholar
Hollars, D. R. and Beebe, H. A. 1976, Pub. A.S.P., 88, 934.Google Scholar
Jordan, S. D. and Avrett, E. H. 1973, Stellar Chromospheres, NASA SP-317.Google Scholar
Kalkofen, W. and Ulmschneider, P. 1979, Ap. J., 227, 655.Google Scholar
Kelch, W. L. 1978, Ap. J., 222, 931.Google Scholar
Kelch, W. L. and Linsky, J. L. 1978, Solar Phys., 58, 37.Google Scholar
Kelch, W. L., Linsky, J. L., Basri, G. S., Chiu, H. Y., Chang, S. H., Maran, S. P. and Furenlid, I. 1978, Ap. J., 220, 962.Google Scholar
Kelch, W. L., Linsky, J. L., and Worden, S. P. 1979, Ap. J., 229, 700.Google Scholar
Kippenhahn, R. 1973, Stellar Chromospheres, ed. Jordan, S. D. and Avrett, E. H., NASA SP-317, p. 265.Google Scholar
Kondo, Y., de Jager, C., Hoekstra, R., van der Hucht, K. A., Kamperman, T. M., Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Modisette, J. L., and Morgan, T. H. 1979, Ap. J., 230, 533.Google Scholar
Kraft, R. P., Preston, G. W., and Wolf, S. C. 1964, Ap. J., 140, 237.Google Scholar
Kuperus, M. 1965, Recherches Astr. Obs. Utrecht, 17, 1.Google Scholar
Kuperus, M. 1969, Space Sci. Rev., 9, 713.Google Scholar
Lemaire, P. and Skumanich, A. 1973, Astr. Ap., 22, 61.Google Scholar
Linsky, J. L. 1977, in The Solar Output and Its Variation, ed. White, O. R. (Boulder: Colorado Associated University Press), p. 477.Google Scholar
Linsky, J. L. 1979, in Report of Commission 36 in Transactions of the IAU, 17, in press.Google Scholar
Linsky, J. L. 1980, in Annual Rev. Astr. Ap., 18, in preparation.Google Scholar
Linsky, J. L., and Ayres, T. R. 1978, Ap. J., 220, 619.Google Scholar
Linsky, J. L. and Haisch, B. M. 1979, Ap. J. (Letters), 229, L27.Google Scholar
Linsky, J. L., Hunten, D. M., Sowell, R., Glackin, D. L., and Kelch, W. L. 1979b, Ap. J. Suppl., in press.Google Scholar
Linsky, J. L., Worden, S. P., McClintock, W., and Robertson, R. M. 1979a, Ap. J. Suppl., in press.Google Scholar
Linsky, J. L. et al. 1978, Nature, 275, 389.Google Scholar
Lites, B. W., Shine, R. A., and Chipman, E. G. 1978, Ap. J., 222, 333.Google Scholar
Liu, S. Y. 1974, Ap. J., 189, 359.Google Scholar
Liu, S. Y. and Skumanich, A. 1974, Solar Phys., 38, 109.Google Scholar
LoPresto, J. C. 1971, Pub. A.S.P., 83, 674.Google Scholar
Lutz, T. E. 1970, Ap. J., 75, 1007.Google Scholar
Lutz, T. E., Furenlid, I., and Lutz, J. H. 1973, Ap. J., 184, 787.Google Scholar
Lutz, T. E. and Pagel, B. E. J. 1979, M.N.R.A.S., submitted.Google Scholar
Machado, M. E., Emsile, A. G., and Brown, J. C. 1978, Solar Phys., 58, 363.Google Scholar
Machado, M. E. and Linsky, J. L., 1975, Solar Phys., 42, 395.Google Scholar
McClintock, W., Henry, R. C., Moos, H. W., and Linsky, J. L. 1975, Ap. J., 202, 733.Google Scholar
McClintock, W., Moos, H. W., Henry, R. C., Linsky, J. L., and Barker, E. S. 1978,. Ap. J. Suppl., 37, 223.Google Scholar
Mihalas, D. 1970, Stellar Atmospheres (Freeman: San Francisco), p. 330.Google Scholar
Morrison, N. D. and Linsky, J. L. 1978, Ap. J., 222, 723.Google Scholar
Mullan, D. J. 1978, Ap. J., 226, 151.Google Scholar
O’Brien, G. 1979, private communication.Google Scholar
O’Brien, G. and Lambert, D. L. 1979, Ap. J. (Letters), 229, L33.Google Scholar
Pagel, B. E. J. and Wilkins, D. R. 1979, M.N.R.A.S., submitted.Google Scholar
Pasachoff, J. M. 1970, Solar Phys., 12, 202.Google Scholar
Praderie, F. 1973, Stellar Chromospheres, ed. Jordan, S. D. and Avrett, E. H., NASA SP-317, p. 79.Google Scholar
Praderie, F. 1977, Mem. S. A. It., 553.Google Scholar
Praderie, F. and Thomas, R. N. 1972, Ap. J., 172, 485.Google Scholar
Praderie, F. and Thomas, R. N. 1976, Solar Phys., 50, 333.Google Scholar
Raymond, J. C. and Dupree, A. K. 1978, Ap. J., 222, 379.Google Scholar
Reimers, D. 1977, Astr. Ap., 57, 395.Google Scholar
Schmitz, E. and Ulmschneider, P. 1979a, Astr. Ap., in press.Google Scholar
Schmitz, F. and Ulmschneider, P. 1979b, Astr. Ap., in press.Google Scholar
Scharmer, G. B. 1976, Astr. Ap., 53, 341.Google Scholar
Shine, R. A. 1975, Ap. J., 202, 543.Google Scholar
Shine, R. A. and Linsky, J. L. 1972, Solar Phys., 25, 357.Google Scholar
Shine, R. A. and Linsky, J. L. 1974, Solar Phys., 39, 49.Google Scholar
Shine, R. A., Milkey, R. W., and Mihalas, D. 1975, Ap. J., 199, 724.Google Scholar
Skumanich, A., Smythe, C., and Frazier, E. N. 1975, Ap. J., 200, 747.Google Scholar
Simon, T., Kelch, W. L., and Linsky, J. L. 1979, Ap. J., submitted.Google Scholar
Simon, T. and Linsky, J. L. 1979, in preparation.Google Scholar
Smith, E., van, P. 1960, Ap. J., 132, 202.Google Scholar
Snow, T. P. and Linsky, J. L. 1979, in Proc. Conf. on Astr. Ap. from Spacelab, ed. Bernacca, P. L. and Ruffini, R. (Dordrecht: Reidel), in press.Google Scholar
Stein, R. F. and Leibacher, J. 1974, Ann Rev. Astr. Ap., 12, 407 Google Scholar
Stencel, R. E. 1978, Ap. J. (Letters), 223, L37.Google Scholar
Stencel, R. E. and Mullan, D. J. 1979, Ap. J., submitted.Google Scholar
Thomas, R. N. 1973, Astr. Ap., 29, 297.Google Scholar
Tripp, D. A., Athay, R. G., and Peterson, V. L. 1978, Ap. J., 220, 314.Google Scholar
Ulmschneider, P. 1967, Z. Ap., 67, 193.Google Scholar
Ulmschneider, P. 1971, Astr. Ap., 12, 297.Google Scholar
Ulmschneider, P. 1974, Solar Phys., 39, 327.Google Scholar
Ulmschneider, P. 1979, Space Sci. Rev., in press.Google Scholar
Ulmschneider, P. and Kalkofen, W. 1977, Astr. Ap., 57, 199.Google Scholar
Ulmschneider, P., Schmitz, F., and Hammer, R. 1979, Astr. Ap., in press.Google Scholar
Ulmschneider, P., Schmitz, F., Kalkofen, W., and Bohm, H. U. 1978, Astr. Ap., 70, 487.Google Scholar
Ulmschneider, P., Schmitz, F., Renzini, A., Cacciari, C., Kalkofen, W. and Kurucz, R. L. 1977, Astr. Ap., 61, 515.Google Scholar
Ulrich, R. K. 1976, Ap. J., 210, 377.Google Scholar
Ulrich, R. K. and Knapp, G. R. 1979, Ap. J. (Letters), 230, L99.Google Scholar
van der Hucht, K. A., Stencel, R. E., Haisch, B. M., and Kondo, Y. 1979, Astr. Ap., in press.Google Scholar
Vernazza, J. E., Avrett, E. H., and Loeser, R. 1973, Ap. J., 184, 605.Google Scholar
Vernazza, J. E., Avrett, E. H., and Loeser, R. 1976, Ap. J. Suppl., 30, 1.Google Scholar
Weiler, E. J. and Oegerle, W. R. 1979, Ap. J. Suppl., 39, 523. Google Scholar
White, O. R. and Suemoto, Z. 1968, Solar Phys., 3, 523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willstrop, R. V. 1972, private communication.Google Scholar
Wilson, O. C. 1959, Ap. J., 130, 499.Google Scholar
Wilson, O. C. 1966, Science, 151, 1487.Google Scholar
Wilson, O. C. 1978, Ap. J., 226, 379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, O. C. and Bappu, M. K. V. 1957, Ap. J., 125, 661.Google Scholar
Wilson, P. R. and Evans, C. D. 1972, Solar Phys., 18, 29.Google Scholar
Withbroe, G. L. and Noyes, R. W. 1977, Ann. Rev. Astr. Ap., 15, 363.Google Scholar
Worden, S. P., Schneeberger, T. J., and Giampapa, M. S. 1979, Ap. J., in press.Google Scholar
Young, A. T. 1979, private communication.Google Scholar
Zirin, H. 1976, Ap. J.,Google Scholar
Zirker, J. B. 1968, Solar Phys., 3, 164.Google Scholar