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Postdischarge prophylactic antibiotics following mastectomy with and without breast reconstruction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2021

David K. Warren Open the ORCID record for David K. Warren [Opens in a new window] ,
Kate M. Peacock ,
Katelin B. Nickel Open the ORCID record for Katelin B. Nickel [Opens in a new window] ,
Victoria J. Fraser Open the ORCID record for Victoria J. Fraser [Opens in a new window] ,
Margaret A. Olsen Open the ORCID record for Margaret A. Olsen [Opens in a new window]  and
for the CDC Prevention Epicenter Program
David K. Warren
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
Kate M. Peacock
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
Katelin B. Nickel
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
Victoria J. Fraser
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
Margaret A. Olsen*
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
*
Author for correspondence: Margaret A. Olsen, E-mail: molsen@wustl.edu
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Abstract

Background:

Prophylactic antibiotics are commonly prescribed at discharge for mastectomy, despite guidelines recommending against this practice. We investigated factors associated with postdischarge prophylactic antibiotic use after mastectomy with and without immediate reconstruction and the impact on surgical-site infection (SSI).

Study design:

We studied a cohort of women aged 18–64 years undergoing mastectomy between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2015, using the MarketScan commercial database. Patients with nonsurgical perioperative infections were excluded. Postdischarge oral antibiotics were identified from outpatient drug claims. SSI was defined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis codes. Generalized linear models were used to determine factors associated with postdischarge prophylactic antibiotic use and SSI.

Results:

The cohort included 38,793 procedures; 24,818 (64%) with immediate reconstruction. Prophylactic antibiotics were prescribed after discharge after 2,688 mastectomy-only procedures (19.2%) and 17,807 mastectomies with immediate reconstruction (71.8%). The 90-day incidence of SSI was 3.5% after mastectomy only and 8.8% after mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. Antibiotics with anti–methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) activity were associated with decreased SSI risk after mastectomy only (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55–0.99) and mastectomy with immediate reconstruction (aRR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73–0.88), respectively. The numbers needed to treat to prevent 1 additional SSI were 107 and 48, respectively.

Conclusions:

Postdischarge prophylactic antibiotics were common after mastectomy. Anti-MSSA antibiotics were associated with decreased risk of SSI for patients who had mastectomy only and those who had mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. The high numbers needed to treat suggest that potential benefits of postdischarge antibiotics should be weighed against potential harms associated with antibiotic overuse.

Type
Original Article
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 43 , Issue 10 , October 2022 , pp. 1382 - 1388
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America

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Footnotes

PREVIOUS PRESENTATION. Preliminary results for this study were presented at IDWeek 2018 on October 6, 2018, in San Francisco, California.

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