Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T15:26:41.789Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

INDEPENDENCE AND NEW WAYS TO REMAIN STEADFAST IN THE FACE OF DISAGREEMENT

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2016

Abstract

An important principle in the epistemology of disagreement is Independence, which states, “In evaluating the epistemic credentials of another's expressed belief about P, in order to determine how (or whether) to modify my own belief about P, I should do so in a way that doesn't rely on the reasoning behind my initial belief about P” (Christensen 2011: 1–2). I present a series of new counterexamples to both Independence and also a revised, more widely applicable, version of it. I then formulate and endorse a third version of Independence that avoids those counterexamples. Lastly, I show how this third version of Independence reveals two new ways one may remain steadfast in the face of two real life disagreements: one about God's existence and one about moral realism.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alston, W. 1991. Perceiving God. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Barrett, J. 2012. Born Believers: The Science of Childhood Religion. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Bloom, P. 2005. ‘Is God an Accident?’ Atlantic Monthly, available at http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2005/12/is-god-an-accident/304425/.Google Scholar
Christensen, D. 2007. ‘Epistemology of Disagreement: The Good News.’ Philosophical Review, 116: 187217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christensen, D. 2011. ‘Disagreement, Question-Begging and Epistemic Self-Criticism.’ Philosopher's Imprint, 11: 121.Google Scholar
Copp, D. 2008. ‘Darwinian Skepticism About Moral Realism.’ Philosophical Issues, 18: 186206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elga, A. 2007. ‘Reflection and Disagreement.’ Noûs, 41: 478502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enoch, D. 2010. ‘The Epistemological Challenge to Metanormative Realism: How Best to Understand It, and How to Cope with It.’ Philosophical Studies, 148: 413–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldman, R. 2006. ‘Epistemological Puzzles About Disagreement.’ In Hetherington, S. (ed.), Epistemology Futures, pp. 216–36. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Frances, B. 2010. ‘The Reflective Epistemic Renegade.’ Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 81: 419–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joyce, R. 2006. The Evolution of Morality. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Kelly, T. 2005. ‘The Epistemic Significance of Disagreement.’ Oxford Studies in Epistemology, 1: 167–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, T. 2010. ‘Peer Disagreement and Higher-Order Evidence.’ In Feldman, R. and Warfield, T. (ed.), Disagreement, pp. 111–74. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, T. 2013. ‘Disagreement and the Burdens of Judgment.’ In Christensen, D. and Lackey, J. (ed.), The Epistemology of Disagreement: New Essays, pp. 3153. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitcher, P. 2006. ‘Biology and Ethics.’ In Copp, D. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory, pp. 163–85. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lackey, J. 2010. ‘A Justificationist View of Disagreement's Epistemic Significance.’ In Haddock, A., Millar, A. and Pritchard, D. (eds), Social Epistemology, pp. 298325. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lord, E. 2014. ‘From Independence to Conciliationism: An Obituary.’ Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 92: 365–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matheson, J. 2015. The Epistemic Significance of Disagreement. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moon, A. 2012. ‘Warrant Does Entail Truth.’ Synthese, 184: 287–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moon, A. Forthcoming a. ‘Recent Work in Reformed Epistemology.’ Philosophy Compass.Google Scholar
Moon, A. Forthcoming b. ‘Debunking Morality: Lessons from the EAAN Literature.’ Pacific Philosophical Quarterly.Google Scholar
Plantinga, A. 2000. Warranted Christian Belief. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schafer, K. 2010. ‘Evolution and Normative Skepticism.’ Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 88: 471–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sosa, E. 2010. ‘The Epistemology of Disagreement.’ In Haddock, A., Millar, A. and Pritchard, D. (eds), Social Epistemology, pp. 278–97. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Street, S. 2006. ‘A Darwinian Dilemma for Realist Theories of Value.’ Philosophical Studies, 127: 109–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Inwagen, P. 2010. ‘We're Right, They're Wrong.’ In Feldman, R. and Warfield, T. (eds), Disagreement, pp. 1028. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vavova, K. 2015. ‘Evolutionary Debunking of Moral Realism.’ Philosophy Compass, 10: 104–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wielenberg, E. 2014. Robust Ethics: The Metaphysics and Epistemology of Ethics in Godless Normative Realism. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wielenberg, E. Forthcoming. ‘Ethics and Evolutionary Theory’. Analysis.Google Scholar
Worsnip, A. 2014. ‘Disagreement About Disagreement? What Disagreement About Disagreement?Philosopher's Imprint, 14: 120.Google Scholar