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Optimized purification procedure for Iranian calcium bentonite for producing montmorillonite nanosheets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2022

Fatemeh Ahmadi ,
Hajar Ghanbari Open the ORCID record for Hajar Ghanbari [Opens in a new window] ,
Faraz Shabani Moghaddam  and
Rahim Naghizadeh
Fatemeh Ahmadi
Affiliation:
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
Hajar Ghanbari*
Affiliation:
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
Faraz Shabani Moghaddam
Affiliation:
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
Rahim Naghizadeh
Affiliation:
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
*
*Email: hajar_ghanbari@iust.ac.ir
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Abstract

In polymer composites, montmorillonite nanosheets are crucial as fire retardants, reinforcers, anti-corrosives, detoxifying agents and ultraviolet-protection agents. However, the quality of montmorillonite nanosheets can be improved by optimizing the raw bentonite purification process in which undesirable phases are removed. Optimization of Iranian calcium bentonite purification for nanomontmorillonite synthesis considering various parameters based on various physical approaches to dispersion and ultrasonication was investigated; the calcium bentonite purification was performed using sodium hexametaphosphate followed by either sedimentation or centrifugation, and the nanomontmorillonite synthesis was performed using ultrasonic treatment. The effects of suspension concentration, milling type, pH and centrifugation duration and speed on the separation of various impure phases were evaluated qualitatively and optimized. The raw and purified bentonite and the synthesized nanomontmorillonite were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The cation-exchange capacity was also measured in the raw and purified samples. Optimal experimental conditions in the dispersed samples were achieved at a 2.5 wt.% concentration of bentonite suspension and planetary milling at pH 7. While the ultrasonic treatment was more effective than the dispersion approach for cristobalite elimination, a smaller lateral size of the montmorillonite sheets, optimized at 0.5 wt.% concentration of the suspension, was achieved. The increased cation-exchange capacity after the purification improved the exfoliation and delamination of montmorillonite nanosheets in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the surfactant. The interplanar spacing of (001) planes of 15 Å in raw bentonite shifted to 21 Å and 19 Å in purified and non-purified samples, respectively, after synthesis.

Keywords

bentoniteCTABmontmorillonite nanosheetspurification
Type
Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 57 , Issue 2 , June 2022 , pp. 120 - 130
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland

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Footnotes

Editor: Chun Hui Zhou

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