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Sexual selection drives the evolution of limb regeneration in Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2015

S. Wang ,
X.L. Tan ,
J.P. Michaud ,
Z.K. Shi  and
F. Zhang
S. Wang
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
X.L. Tan
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
J.P. Michaud*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Hays, Kansas, USA
Z.K. Shi
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
F. Zhang
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
*
*Author for correspondence Phone: 785-625-3425 E-mail: jpmi@ksu.edu
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Abstract

When Harmonia axyridis larvae were subjected to amputation of a foreleg in the fourth instar, 83% survived and, of these, 75% regenerated the leg during pupation. Regenerators pupated at heavier weights than controls (unoperated) or non-regenerators, and spent longer in pupation. Regenerated males were preferred by females in choice tests and produced more viable progeny than control males. Unregenerated males were less preferred by females, copulated for shorter periods than control males, and reduced female fecundity. Amputation diminished beneficial paternal effects, whether males regenerated or not, resulting in progeny with slower development and smaller adult body mass relative to control paternity. Progeny of unregenerated males had lower survival and body mass, whether male or female, confirming that regeneration was an honest signal of mate quality. When offspring had a foreleg amputated, a regenerated paternity yielded higher survival than control paternity, but similar rates of regeneration, whereas an unregenerated paternity yielded lower rates of survival and leg regeneration than control paternity. Regenerating beetles were twice as likely to be melanic as non-regenerating or control beetles, suggesting pleiotropic effects of melanism on processes involved in regeneration. This is the first report of complete limb regeneration by a holometabolous insect in the pupal stage, and the first example of sexual selection for regenerative capacity.

Keywords

body sizedevelopmentfemale choicefitnessmelanismpaternal effects
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 105 , Issue 2 , April 2015 , pp. 245 - 252
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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