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Potential impact of global warming on deciduous oak dieback caused by ambrosia fungus Raffaelea sp. carried by ambrosia beetle Platypus quercivorus (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) in Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

N. Kamata ,
K. Esaki ,
K. Kato ,
Y. Igeta  and
K. Wada
N. Kamata*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
K. Esaki
Affiliation:
Ishikawa Forest Experiment Station, Tsurugi, Ishikawa 920-2114, Japan
K. Kato
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
Y. Igeta
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
K. Wada
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
*
*Fax: +81 76 264 5708 E-mail: kamatan@kenroku.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
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Abstract

Deciduous oak dieback in Japan has been known since the 1930s, but in the last ten years epidemics have intensified and spread to the island’s western coastal areas. The symbiotic ambrosia fungus Raffaelea sp. is the causal agent of oak dieback, and is vectored by Platypus quercivorus (Murayama). This is the first example of an ambrosia beetle fungus that kills vigorous trees. Mortality of Quercus crispula was approximately 40% but much lower for associated species of Fagaceae, even though each species had a similar number of beetle attacks. It is likely that other oaks resistant to the fungus evolved under a stable relationship between the tree, fungus and beetle during a long evolutionary process. Quercus crispula was probably not part of this coevolution. This hypothesis was supported by the fact that P. quercivorus showed the least preference for Q. crispulayet exhibited highest reproductive success in this species. Therefore, P. quercivorus could spread more rapidly in stands with a high composition of Q. crispula. The present oak dieback epidemic in Japan probably resulted from the warmer climate that occurred from the late 1980s which made possible the fateful encounter of P. quercivorus with Q. cripsula by allowing the beetle to extend its distribution to more northerly latitudes and higher altitudes. Future global warming will possibly accelerate the overlapping of the distributions of P. quercivorus and Q. crispula with the result that oak dieback in Q. crispula will become more prevalent in Japan.

Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 92 , Issue 2 , April 2002 , pp. 119 - 126
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2002

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