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Identifying Site Structure in the Archaeological Record: An Illinois Mississippian Example

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Gerald A. Oetelaar
Gerald A. Oetelaar*
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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Abstract

Models of site structure, though common in the ethnoarchaeological literature, are rarely used in the interpretation of the archaeological record. In this study, Portnoy's (1981) model of settlement space and function provides an interpretive framework for inferences on the organization and use of space at the Bridges site, a late prehistoric settlement in south-central Illinois. Unlike its predecessors, this model focuses on the daily activities and interactions of the resident community and identifies a communal front region, a family front region, a family back region, and a communal back region. From this model, it is possible to derive the material consequences of the activities performed in each of the activity regions. Given the proper excavation strategy, it is then possible to define the site framework from the arrangement of structures and features and to infer the nature of the activities from the distribution of debris. As identified at the Bridges site, the nature and organization of the activity regions suggest the presence of an integrated settlement with communal work spaces. This interpretation of the site has important implications for our understanding of late prehistoric chronologies and settlement plans.

Resumen

Resumen

Los modelos de la estructura de sitios, aunque se encuentran frecuentemente en la literatura etnoarqueológica, son raramente usados para la interpretación del registro arqueológico. En este estudio, el modelo de Portnoy (1981) sobre espacio y función en núcleos de población, provee una fundación interpretativa para formular inferencias sobre la organización y uso del espacio en el sitio Bridges, un núcleo prehistórico en el centro sur de Illinois. Sobre la base de este modelo, es posible derivar las consecuencias materiales de las actividades llevadas a cabo en cada una de las regiones de actividad. Dada la apropriada estrategia de excavación, es posible definir la organización espacial del sitio, basándose en la disposición de las estructuras y rasgos peculiares para definir la naturaleza de las actividades, guiándose en la acumulación de los escombros. Como se ha identificado en el sitio Bridges, la naturaleza y la organización de las regiones de actividad sugieren la presencia de un asentamiento integrado con espacios para trabajo comunitario. Esta interpretación del sitio tiene implicaciones importantes para nuestra comprensión de cronologías prehistóricas tardías y para los planes de asentamiento.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 58 , Issue 4 , October 1993 , pp. 662 - 687
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1993

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