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Ballcourts and Ceramics: The Case for Hohokam Marketplaces in the Arizona Desert

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

David R. Abbott ,
Alexa M. Smith  and
Emiliano Gallaga
David R. Abbott
Affiliation:
School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402
Alexa M. Smith
Affiliation:
1233 N.5th Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85705
Emiliano Gallaga
Affiliation:
Calzada de los Hombres Ilustres s/n (Museo Regional de Chiapas), c.p.29000, Col. Centro, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas
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Abstract

During the middle Sedentary period (ca. A.D. 1000-1070) in the deserts of southern and central Arizona, crowds from near and far regularly gathered at the centers of Hohokam villages to participate in ritual ballcourt festivities. These events were ideal venues for barter and exchange, leading some theorists to hypothesize that periodic marketplaces were associated with the ritual ballgames. Recent ceramic provenance and vessel-form evidence from the Phoenix basin have shown that the production of decorated and utilitarian pots was highly concentrated during this time and large numbers of bowls and jars were evenly distributed to far flung consumers. These findings have supported the marketplace hypothesis, suggesting that an efficient and reliable mechanism was available for moving large numbers of commodities across the region. The high volume of ceramic transactions, however, seems to have placed the Hohokam case beyond the capabilities of nascent marketplaces documented from ethnohistoric and ethnographic evidence. In this paper, we support the idea that market-place barter was a central component of the Hohokam economy by presenting new ceramic data from the lower Salt River valley, which temporally links the demise of the ballcourt ceremonialism with a transformation in the organization of pottery production and distribution. We then examine some unusual circumstances pertaining to the Hohokam regional system that may help to explain how consumers could have so heavily depended on a network of horizontally organized, periodic marketplaces for basic necessities like earthenware containers.

Résumé

Résumé

Durante el periodo Sedentario medio (1000-1070 d.C) en los desiertos del centro y sur de Arizona, multitudes de cerca y lejos se juntaban regularmente en los centros de las villas Hohokam para participar en las festividades rituales de los juegos de pelota. Estos eventos eran lugares ideales para regatear e intercambiar, llevando a hipotetizar a algunos teóricos que la realización periódica de mercados estaba asociada con los rituales de los juegos de pelota. Recientes investigaciones de proveniencia cerámica y evidencia deforma-de-vasija de la cuenca de Phoenix, han mostrado que la producción de vasijas decoradas y utilitarias estaba concentrada principalmente durante el periodo Sedentario medio y un gran numero de cuencos y ollas fueron distribuidas equitativamente a consumidores lejanos. Estas investigaciones dan soporte a la hipótesis del mercado, sugiriendo que un eficiente y confiable mecanismo estaba en uso para mover un gran numero de comodidades a través de la región. Sin embargo, el alto volumen de transacciones cerámicas, parecen haber puesto el caso Hohokam muy por encima de las capacidades de los incipientes mercados documentados mediante la evidencia etnohistoriaca y etnográfica. En este articulo, apoyamos la idea de que el regateo en los mercados fue un componente central de la economía Hohokam presentando nueva evidencia e información cerámica del Valle bajo del Río Salado, que temporalmente se conecta con la debacle ceremonial de los juegos de pelota con la transformación en la organización de la producción y distribución cerámica. Posteriormente examinamos algunas circunstancias inusuales concernientes al sistema regional Hohokam que pueden ayudar a explicar como los consumidores pudieron depender tanto de una red organizada horizontal y periódicamente en mercados para cubrir necesidades básicas como recipientes de barro.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 72 , Issue 3 , July 2007 , pp. 461 - 484
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2007

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