Let denote a flow built under a Hölder-continuous function l over the base (Σ, μ) where Σ is a topological Markov chain and μ some (ψ-mining) Gibbs measure. For a certain class of functions f with finite 2 + δ-moments it is shown that there exists a Brownian motion B(t) with respect to μ and σ2 > 0 such that μ-a.e.

for some 0 < λ < 5δ/588. One can also approximate in the same way by a Brownian motion B*(t) with respect to the probability . From this, the central limit theorem, the weak invariance principle, the law of the iterated logarithm and related probabilistic results follow immediately. In particular, the result of Ratner ([6]) is extended.

Given a topological process (X, µ, T) where T is a homeomorphism of the compact metric space X which preserves the probability measure µ and is ergodic, we show that there exists an uncountable family {(Xi, µi, Ti)}i∈I of topological processes such that for every i, (Xi, µi, Ti) is measure-theoretically isomorphic to (X, µ, T) but for every i ≠ j, (Xi, µi, Ti) and (Xj, µj, Tj) are not almost topologically conjugate.

The purpose of this paper is to develop necessary conditions for a diffeomorphism to be topologically stable (lower semistable). Our results combine with a recent theorem of R. Mañé and with earlier results of J. Robbin, C. Robinson, and Z. Nitecki to give a complete characterization of diffeomorphisms of compact manifolds that are both topologically and structurally stable: they are precisely the Axiom A diffeomorphisms that satisfy the strong transversality condition.

For the invariant sets of dynamical systems a new notion of dimension-the so-called dimension with respect to a dynamical system-is introduced. It has some common features with the general topological notion of the dimension, but it also reflects the dynamical properties of the system. In the one-dimensional case it coincides with the Hausdorff dimension. For multi-dimensional hyperbolic sets formulae for the calculation of our dimension are obtained. These results are generalizations of Manning's results obtained by him for the Hausdorff dimension in the two-dimensional case.

A Hamiltonian system of n degrees of freedom, defined by the function F, with an equilibrium point at the origin, is called formally integrable if there exist A A formal power series , functionally independent, in involution, and such that the Taylor expansion of F is a formal power series in the .

Take n = 3, , F(k) homogeneous of degree k, F(2) > 0 and the eigenfrequencies in ratio 1:1:2. If F(3) avoids a certain hypersurface of ‘symmetric’ third order terms, then the F system is not formally integrable. If F(3) is symmetric but F(4) is in a non-void open subset, then homoclinic intersection with Devaney spiralling occurs; the angle decays of order 1 when approaching the origin.

A universal unfolding of a discrete dynamical system f0 is a manifold F of dynamical systems such that each system g sufficiently near f0 is topologically conjugate to an element f of F with the conjugacy φ and the element f depending continuously on f0. An infinitesimally universal unfolding of f0 is (roughly speaking) a manifold F transversal to the topological conjugacy class of f0. Using Nash-Moser iteration we show infinitesimally universal unfoldings are universal and (in part II) give a class of examples relating to moduli of stability introduced by Palis and De Melo.

This paper addresses the following long-standing open question: If a stationary transformation on a probability space obeys the property

for all measurable sets A1, A2, does it follow that

for all measurable sets A1, A2, A3? Here we answer the question affirmatively for a certain class of transformations.

We define two families of relations between ergodic ℤn actions, both indexed equivariantly by non-singular n × n matrices. The first is to be Katok cross-sections of the same flow, indexed in a natural way by the matrices. The second is determined by the existence of an orbit preserving injection with an extra asymptotic linearity condition. We demonstrate that these two families are identical. In one dimension this is the classical theory of Kakutani equivalence.

We prove that given any two ergodic non-singular flows , St, the first can be time changed to t so that St is a factor of t. A corresponding result for transformations is that if , T are any two ergodic non-singular transformations then there is a tower over that has T as a factor.

The fractal dimension of an attracting torus Tk in × Tk is shown to be almost always equal to the Lyapunov dimension as predicted by a previous conjecture. The cases studied here can have several Lyapunov numbers greater than 1 and several less than 1

The phase space of the geodesic flow on an almost integrable polyhedral surface is foliated into a one-parameter family of invariant surfaces. The flow on a typical invariant surface is minimal. We associate with an almost integrable polyhedral surface its holonomy group which is a subgroup of the group of motions of the Euclidean plane. We show that if the holonomy group is discrete then the flow on an invariant surface is ergodic if and only if it is minimal.

Let φ be an Axiom A flow restricted to a basic set, let g be a C∞ function and let , where λg(τ) is the g length of the closest orbit τ, λ(τ) is the period of τ and h is the topological entropy of φ. We obtain an asymptotic formula for πg which includes the ‘prime number’ theorem for closed orbits. This result generalizes Bowen's theorem on the equidistribution of closed orbits. After establishing an analytic extension result for certain zeta functions the proofs proceed by orthodox number theoretical techniques.

In this report we show that a twist map of an annulus with a periodic point of rotation number p/q must have a Birkhoff periodic point of rotation number p/q. We use topological techniques so no assumption of area-preservation or circle intersection property is needed. If the map is area-preserving then this theorem andthe fixed point theorem of Birkhoff imply a recent theorem of Aubry and Mather. We also show that periodic orbits of (significantly) smallest period for a twist map must be Birkhoff.

We give an algebraic characterization of the class of spectral radii of aperiodic non-negative integral matrices, and describe a method of constructing all such matrices with given spectral radius. The logarithms of the numbers in are the entropies of mixing topological Markov shifts. There is an arithmetic structure to , including factorization into irreducibles in only finitely many ways. This arithmetic structure has dynamical consequences, such as the impossibility of factoring the p-shift into a direct product of nontrivial homeomorphisms for prime p.

In this paper a new proof of a theorem of Ruelle about real Perron-Frobenius type operators is given. This theorem is then extended to complex Perron-Frobenius type operators in analogy with Wielandt's theorem for matrices. Finally two questions raised by Ruelle and Bowen concerning analyticity properties of zeta functions for flows are answered.

The dynamical system associated to the difference equation

has been studied numerically by several authors. On the basis of numerical evidence, they conclude that there exists a number k0 ≈ 0.97 such that there are homotopically non-trivial invariant circles for |k|≤k0 and there are none for |k|>k0. In this note, we give a simple rigorous proof that there are none for |k|>.

This paper concerns perturbations of the geometric model of the Lorenz equations and their associated one-dimensional Poincaré maps. R. Williams has shown that if a map of the interval of the type arising from the Lorenz equations satisfies f′(x) > 2½ everywhere except at the discontinuity then f is locally eventually onto (l.e.o.) and so topologically transitive [14]. We show roughly that if are the end points of the interval, and their iterates stay on the same side of the point of discontinuity for 0 ≤ j ≤ k, and f′(x) > 21/(k+1) everywhere, then f is l.e.o. Secondly, we show that the one-dimensional Poincaré map of any Cr perturbation of the geometric model (for large enough r) has an ergodic measure which is equivalent to Lebesgue measure. This result follows by showing it is C1+α and satisfies a theorem of Keller, Wong, Lasota, Li & Yorke.

Lorenz knots are the periodic orbits of a certain geometrically defined differential equation in ℝ3. This is called the ‘geometric Lorenz attractor’ as it is only conjecturally the real Lorenz attractor. These knots have been studied by the author and Joan Birman via a ‘knot-holder’, i.e. a certain branched two-manifold H. To show such knots are prime we suppose the contrary which implies the existence of a splitting sphere, S2. The technique of the proof is to study the intersection S2∩H. A novelty here is that S2∩H is likewise branched.