In this paper, from the property of Killing for structure Jacobi tensor $\mathbb {R}_{\xi }$, we introduce a new notion of cyclic parallelism of structure Jacobi operator$R_{\xi }$ on real hypersurfaces in the complex two-plane Grassmannians. By virtue of geodesic curves, we can give the equivalent relation between cyclic parallelism of $R_{\xi }$ and Killing property of $\mathbb {R}_{\xi }$. Then, we classify all Hopf real hypersurfaces with cyclic parallel structure Jacobi operator in complex two-plane Grassmannians.

On a real hypersurface $M$ in a complex two-plane Grassmannian ${{G}_{2}}\left( {{\mathbb{C}}^{m+2}} \right)$ we have the Lie derivation $\mathcal{L}$ and a differential operator of order one associated with the generalized Tanaka–Webster connection ${{\widehat{\mathcal{L}}}^{\left( k \right)}}$. We give a classification of real hypersurfaces $M$ on ${{G}_{2}}\left( {{\mathbb{C}}^{m+2}} \right)$ satisfying $\widehat{\mathcal{L}}_{\xi }^{\left( k \right)}\,S\,=\,{{\mathcal{L}}_{\xi }}S$, where $\xi$ is the Reeb vector field on $M$ and $s$ the Ricci tensor of $M$.

There are several kinds of classification problems for real hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians ${{G}_{2}}\left( {{\mathbb{C}}^{m+2}} \right)$. Among them, Suh classified Hopf hypersurfaces in ${{G}_{2}}\left( {{\mathbb{C}}^{m+2}} \right)$ with Reeb parallel Ricci tensor in Levi–Civita connection. In this paper, we introduce the notion of generalized Tanaka–Webster $\left( \text{GTW} \right)$ Reeb parallel Ricci tensor for Hopf hypersurfaces in ${{G}_{2}}\left( {{\mathbb{C}}^{m+2}} \right)$. Next, we give a complete classification of Hopf hypersurfaces in ${{G}_{2}}\left( {{\mathbb{C}}^{m+2}} \right)$ with $\text{GTW}$ Reeb parallel Ricci tensor.

Feasibility of multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy was studied as a potential in-line monitoring technique for grain size distribution in channel poly-Si used in three dimensional stacked NAND (3D NAND) Flash memory devices. Various channel poly-Si materials in 3D-NAND Flash memory devices, converted from chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown a-Si, were characterized using non-contact, multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy and high resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (HRXTEM). The Raman characterization results were compared with HRXTEM images. The correlation between the grain size distribution characterized by multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy and “on current” (ION) of 3D NAND Flash memory devices was investigated. Good correlation between these techniques was seen. Multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy is very promising as a non-destructive in-line monitoring technique for grain size distribution in channel poly-Si used in 3D NAND Flash memory devices.

Steel coils coated with Zn–Mg alloy containing high Mg content develop dark rust when exposed to an extremely limited amount of aqueous environment. To understand the nature of the dark rust and its formation mechanism, the steel is evaluated by the immersion test and high temperature–humidity test followed by critical evaluation with transmission electron microscopy for cross-sectional observation, field-emission scanning electron microscopy for surface morphology observation, Auger electron spectroscopy and glow discharge spectroscopy for identification of chemical composition as a function of depth. The results indicate that the dark rust is formed by precipitation of Mg-based corrosion product on the outermost surface when the steel is exposed to aqueous environment at high temperature. This is due mainly to preferential dissolution of Mg phases by the galvanic action with MgZn2 and Mg2Zn11 composed of the coating layer, and easy precipitation of Mg2+ ion in a form of Mg(OH)2 in a limited volume of the condensed water film on the surface.

We prove the non-existence of Hopf real hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians with harmonic curvature with respect to the generalized Tanaka–Webster connection if they satisfy some further conditions.

We report on the formation of highly flexible and transparent TiO2/Ag/ITO multilayer films deposited on polyethylene terephthalate substrates. The optical and electrical properties of the multilayer films were investigated as a function of oxide thickness. The transmission window gradually shifted toward lower energies with increasing oxide thickness. The TiO2 (40 nm)/Ag (18 nm)/ITO (40 nm) films gave the transmittance of 93.1% at 560 nm. The relationship between transmittance and oxide thickness was simulated using the scattering matrix method to understand high transmittance. As the oxide thickness increased from 20 to 50 nm, the carrier concentration gradually decreased from 1.08 × 1022 to 6.66 × 1021 cm−3, while the sheet resistance varied from 5.8 to 6.1 Ω/sq. Haacke's figure of merit reached a maximum at 40 nm and then decreased with increasing oxide thickness. The change in resistance for the 60 nm-thick ITO single film rapidly increased with increasing bending cycles, while that of the TiO2/Ag/ITO (40 nm/18 nm/40 nm) film remained virtually unchanged during the bending test.

A 44-year-old man developed sudden non-fluent aphasia and right hemiplegia due to left striatocapsular infarction (Figure). Neurologic examination revealed gaze deviation to the right with eyes closed, but not with eyes open (Video). There was no spontaneous or gaze-evoked nystagmus, even after elimination of visual fixation. Leftward pursuit was impaired in a craniotopic frame of reference, and horizontal saccades were hypometric in both directions. Head impulse test was normal in the horizontal plane and there were no visual field defects. The contralesional gaze deviation with eye closure persisted for ten days.

Background: The influences of demographics, culture, language, and environmental changes on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores are considerable.

Methods: Using a sample of 7452 healthy, community-dwelling elderly Koreans, aged 55 to 94 years, who participated in the four ongoing geriatric cohorts in Korea, we investigated demographic influences on MMSE scores and derived normative data for this population. Geropsychiatrists strictly excluded subjects with cognitive disorders according to the protocol of the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K) Clinical Assessment Battery (CERAD-K-C).

Results: Education (standardized β = 0.463), age (standardized β = −0.303), and gender (standardized β = −0.057) had significant effects on MMSE scores (p < 0.001). The score of MMSE increase 0.379 point per 1-year education, decrease 0.188 per 1-year older, and decrease 0.491 in women compared to men. Education explained 30.4% of the scores’ total variance, which was much larger than the variances explained by age (8.4%) or gender (0.3%). Accordingly, we present normative data for the MMSE stratified by education (0, 1–3, 4–6, 7–9, 10–12, and ≥ 13 years), age (60–69, 70–79, and 80–89 years), and gender.

Conclusions: We provide contemporary education-, age-, and gender-stratified norms for the MMSE, derived from a large, community-dwelling elderly Korean population sample, which could be useful in evaluating individual MMSE scores.

Fluxes of dissolved oxygen and nutrients and vertical fluxes of particulate organic elements were investigated in the subtidal benthic environment of Marian Cove, King George Island, Antarctica, using in situ benthic chambers and near-bottom sediment traps. Fluxes of dissolved oxygen, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate were comparable to those measured in temperate regions. Sediment oxygen consumption was a good indicator of organic respiration and elemental efflux at the benthic boundary layer of Marian Cove, with good positive correlations with ammonia (r2 = 0.67), phosphate (r2 = 0.57), and the C:N:P ratio (106:11.5:1.15) in the chamber water. A positive relationship (r2 = 0.58) between settling particulate organic carbon flux and chl a concentration suggests that water column biomass and production are direct sources of settling particles. According to element budgets in summer assessed using the fluxes, Jin and the sum of Jout and Jburial were 15.9 ± 8.1 and 22.6 ± 8.2 mmol m-2 d-1 for carbon, 2.02 ± 0.54 and 2.46 ± 0.82 mmol m-2 d-1 for nitrogen, 0.07 ± 0.03 and 0.23 ± 0.08 mmol m-2 d-1 for phosphorus, and 12.4 ± 2.7 and 13.5 ± 5.0 mmol m-2 d-1 for silicon, respectively. There was a broad balance between sediment organic input and remineralized output for carbon and nitrogen at the benthic boundary layer of Marian Cove.

We investigated the pressure dependence of the inductive coupled plasma (ICP) oxidation on the electrical characteristics of the thin oxide films. Activation energies and electron temperatures with different pressures were estimated. To demonstrate the pressure effect on the plasma oxide quality, simple N type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) transistors were fabricated and investigated in a few electrical properties. At higher pressure than 200mTorr, plasma oxide has a slightly higher on-current and a lower interfacial trap density. The on-current gain seems to be related to the field mobility increase and the lower defective interface to the electron temperature during oxidation.

Background: Low education and illiteracy are associated with an increased risk of dementia. This study aimed to develop a neuropsychological test battery applicable to both illiterate and literate elderly and to assess its reliability and validity for a diagnosis of dementia.

Methods: We developed the Literacy Independent Cognitive Assessment (LICA), which consists of 13 subtests assessing memory, language, visuoconstruction, executive function, attention and calculation. We investigated its reliability and validity on 152 patients with dementia, 66 with mild cognitive impairment and 639 normal controls.

Results: The subtests were found to be applicable to most of the illiterate normal controls (97.3%) and were found to have high inter-rater reliabilities (r = 0.85–1.00, p < 0.001) and moderate to high test-retest reliabilities (r = 0.50–0.86, p < 0.001). The LICA performed well in discriminating participants across Clinical Dementia Rating stages and showed excellent internal consistency and good concurrent validity with the Korean Mini-mental State Examination in both literate and illiterate participants. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic was 0.985 in each of the two literacy groups. Sensitivity and specificity of the LICA to make a diagnosis of dementia was 91.9% and 91.8% at the cutoff point of 186.0 in the literate subjects and 96.2% and 91.1% at the cutoff point of 154.5 in the illiterate subjects. The battery was factored into two separate factors consisting of verbal memory tests and tests for other cognitive domains.

Conclusion: The LICA is a valid and reliable instrument for a diagnosis of dementia in both illiterate and literate elderly.