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  • The effect of consuming boarfish (Capros aper) protein hydrolysate on glycated haemoglobin and BMI in overweight adults

  • William Crowe, Judith Baird, Christopher McLaughlin, Padraigin Harnedy, Dick Fitzgerald, Finbarr O'Harte, Philip Allsopp, Emeir McSorley
  • Journal: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 June 2020, E509
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  • Boarfish (Capros aper) is an underutilised pelagic fish species found in abundance in Irish waters. Research previously undertaken has shown a favourable effect of boarfish derived protein hydrolysate (BFH) consumption on glycaemic control in diabetic murine models. This study aims to investigate the effect of daily BFH consumption on glycated haemoglobin and body mass index (BMI) in overweight human participants.

    A randomised parallel placebo-controlled human intervention study was undertaken to investigate the effect of consuming BFH (3.5g/day) for 12 weeks. Participants (n = 40) that met the following inclusion criteria were recruited; aged between 18–65 years, non-smoker, not currently pregnant or lactating, BMI > 25.0 kg/m2, free from illness. Participants were randomly assigned to consume either BFH or cellulose capsules for 12 weeks. Measures taken at baseline and post-intervention (week 12) included fasting measures of: glycated haemoglobin, glucose, insulin, leptin, glucagon like peptide (GLP-1), adiponectin as well as lipid profile. Height and weight were also recorded at both timepoints. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for baseline values as well as other covariates (age & BMI), was used to compare differences between groups over time.

    Consumption of BFH (3.5g/day) for 12 weeks had no significant effect on glucose, insulin, leptin, glucagon like peptide (GLP-1), adiponectin, high density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein compared with control. No significant difference in glycated haemoglobin change over time (P = 0.123) was noted following consumption of placebo (2.5% increase) in comparison to those consuming the boarfish treatment (1.5% reduction).

    This study showed that 3.5 g of BFH per day did not elicit an effect on any of the markers of metabolic health. Previous studies investigating the effect of protein consumption on metabolic health have used higher concentrations than were utilized in this study, however using similar concentrations in this study was not plausible given the lack of organoleptic acceptability of the BFH. Addressing the organoleptic properties of BFH may enable future studies to increase the dose of BFH to a level that may be more efficacious than the current study.

Fees Must Fall
  • Student revolt, decolonisation and governance in South Africa
  • Edited by Susan Booysen
  • Gillian Godsell, Rekgotsofetse Chikane, Sizwe Mpofu-Walsh, Omhle Ntshingila, Refiloe Lepere, Swankie Mofoko, Ayabonga Nase, David Everatt, Lynn Hewlett, Nomagugu Masuku-Mukadah, Horácio Lucas Zandamela, Koffi Kouakou, William Gumede, Patrick Bond, Vishwas Satgar, Patrick Fitzgerald, Oliver Seale, Pundy Pillay, Darlene Miller, Thad Metz
  • Published by: Wits University Press
  • Published online: 20 April 2018
  • Print publication: 31 October 2016
  • #FeesMustFall, the student revolt that began in October 2015, was an uprising against lack of access to, and financial exclusion from, higher education in South Africa. More broadly, it radically questioned the socio-political dispensation resulting from the 1994 social pact between big business, the ruling elite and the liberation movement. The 2015 revolt links to national and international youth struggles of the recent past and is informed by black consciousness politics and social movements of the international left. Yet, its objectives are more complex than those of earlier struggles. The student movement has challenged the hierarchical, top-down leadership system of university management and it’s ‘double speak’ of professing to act in workers’ and students’ interests yet entrenching a regressive system for control and governance. University managements, while on one level amenable to change, have also co-opted students into their ranks to create co-responsibility for the highly bureaucratised university financial aid that stands in the way of their social revolution. This book maps the contours of student discontent a year after the start of the #FeesMustFall revolt. Student voices dissect colonialism, improper compromises by the founders of democratic South Africa, feminism, worker rights and meaningful education. In-depth assessments by prominent scholars reflect on the complexities of student activism, its impact on national and university governance, and offer provocative analyses of the power of the revolt.

  • Appendix 2 - Student protest glossary of terms

  • from APPENDICES
  • Edited by Susan Booysen
  • Gillian Godsell, Rekgotsofetse Chikane, Sizwe Mpofu-Walsh, Omhle Ntshingila, Refiloe Lepere, Swankie Mofoko, Ayabonga Nase, David Everatt, Lynn Hewlett, Nomagugu Masuku-Mukadah, Horácio Lucas Zandamela, Koffi Kouakou, William Gumede, Patrick Bond, Vishwas Satgar, Patrick Fitzgerald, Oliver Seale, Pundy Pillay, Darlene Miller, Thad Metz
  • Book: Fees Must Fall
  • Published by: Wits University Press
  • Published online: 20 April 2018
  • Print publication: 31 October 2016, pp 328-329

  • Summary

    Source: Busisiwe Nxumalo (student protester). 23 October 2015. #ShutItDown…; verbatim conceptualisations from http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/westerncape/ shutitdown-1934399 [accessed 24 October 2015].

    Black: All racially-oppressed people of colour. This political identity goes against the divisive racial categories that were formed during apartheid, such as Indian, coloured and African. ‘Black’, as a political identity, unites all people of colour who have been socially, politically and economically oppressed.

    Black feminism is a consciousness highlighting black women's experiences in society, which often go unnoticed because black women face alienation based on race, gender and other social factors. This leads to an experience only black women can speak and write about, and from which knowledge can be created.

    Black pain is the dehumanisation of black people, a daily struggle that comes from the violence that exists in systems that privilege whiteness or is institutionally racist.

    Decolonisation is the removal of all unjust systems such as patriarchy, racism and capitalism in society and the restructuring of society to reflect African systems.

    Gender conforming people operate a system that privileges men and oppresses everyone that does not conform to the gender roles that society expects.

    LGBTIAQ+ stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual, intersex, asexual, queer and other sexual orientations and gender identities.

    Patriarchy is an unjust political-social system that insists that males are inherently dominant and superior. Everyone else is deemed weak – especially females.

    Violence is an experience of structural oppression. This experience can translate into physical violence, emotional and psychological violence through violent words, institutional processes, actions and behaviour that are directed at black people in order to dehumanise them. A reaction to this violence is not violence itself, but a defence against dehumanisation.

    Whiteness is a system that privileges white people at the expense of black people. It is present in all institutions in South African society and it is assumed to be the standard of how things should be, but it is inherently racist.

    White privilege is a set of advantages or access to certain benefits that have been exclusively developed for white people. White people have white privilege because a system of whiteness is present in South Africa and across the globe, which means that society is structured around white people and their culture.

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