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30 - Toxic marine diatoms

from Part V - Other applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

By
Maria Célia Villac ,
Gregory J. Doucette  and
Irena Kaczmarska
Edited by
John P. Smol  and
Eugene F. Stoermer
Maria Célia Villac
Affiliation:
Mount Allison University
Gregory J. Doucette
Affiliation:
NOAA/National Ocean Service
Irena Kaczmarska
Affiliation:
Mount Allison University
John P. Smol
Affiliation:
Queen's University, Ontario
Eugene F. Stoermer
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Summary

Introduction

Diatoms are major contributors to total primary production as well as many important biogeochemical processes in aquatic environments (Falkowski et al., 1998; Smetacek, 1999). Nonetheless, a small number of species (<30) have been recognized as harmful to fisheries, wildlife, or people, through production of either a toxin or various exudates, or via mechanical damage due to cell morphology and/or high biomass accumulation. Fryxell & Villac (1999), and more recently Fryxell & Hasle (2003), have identified several of these harmful taxa and outlined their often devastating impacts on other organisms, ecosystems, and economies. Examples include: oily surface films associated with bird mortalities (Coscinodiscus centralis Ehrenb., Coscinodiscus concinnus W. Smith); surface accumulations on beach surf-zones affecting tourism/recreation (Asterionellopsis glacialis [Castracane] Round, Anaulus australis Drebes & D. Schulz; in Villac & Noronha, 2008); mucilage production causing a condition known as “mare sporco” (or dirty sea) (Ceratoneis closterium Ehrenb., Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima [Hasle] Hasle) as well as clogging of bivalve gills (Thalassiosira mala Takano) and fishing nets (Guinardia striata [Stolterfoth] Hasle, Coscinodiscus wailesii Gran & Angst); high biomass accumulations resulting in shading and depletion of oxygen/nutrients (C. wailesii) as well as clogging gills of benthic shellfish and bony fish (Cerataulina pelagica [Cleve] Hendey); and spines/setae inflicting physical damage to fish gills leading to major financial losses for aquaculture operations (Chaetoceros convolutus Castracane and Chaetoceros concavicornis Mangin).

Type
Chapter
Information
The Diatoms
Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences
 , pp. 540 - 551
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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