Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nr4z6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-01T14:13:28.727Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

31 - The Early Upper Palaeolithic of Manot Cave, Western Galilee

Chrono-Cultural, Subsistence, and Palaeo-Environmental Reconstruction

from Part III: - Archaeology of Human Evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2017

Yehouda Enzel
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Ofer Bar-Yosef
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
Get access

Summary

The recent discovery of 55,000-year-old Homo sapiens skull inside the large karstic cave of Manot (Western Galilee, Israel) initiated an on-going and multidisciplinary research program. A rich and well-dated early Upper Palaeolithic sequence (46-30 ka) was exposed, providing a wealth of new data on the chronology, subsistence and palaeoecology of the early Upper Palaeolithic in the Levant. In this paper we integrate preliminary geomorphological, isotopic, lithic, faunal, human and botanical data from the Manot Cave excavations.
Type
Chapter
Information
Quaternary of the Levant
Environments, Climate Change, and Humans
, pp. 277 - 284
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, A. & Kaufman, A. 1997. Late Quaternary paleoclimate in the eastern Mediterranean region from stable isotope ana-lysis of speleothem at Soreq Cave, Israel. Quaternary Research 47: 155–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bar-Matthews, M. Ayalon, A., Gilmour, M., Matthews, A. & Hawkesworth, C.J. 2003. Sea–land oxygen isotopic relationships from planktonic foraminifera and speleothems in the eastern Mediterranean region and their implication for paleo-rainfall during interglacial intervals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67: 3181–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bar-Yosef, O. & Belfer-Cohen, A. 1996. Another look at the Levantine Aurignacian. In The Late Aurignacian, ed. Montet-White, A. & Palma di Cesnola, A., 13th Congress, UISPP. Forli: ABACO Edizioni, pp. 13950.Google Scholar
Bar-Yosef, O. & Belfer-Cohen, A. 2004. The Qafzeh Upper Paleo-lithic assemblages: 70 years later. Eurasian Prehistory 2: 145–80.Google Scholar
Bar-Yosef, O. & Belfer-Cohen, A. 2010. The Levantine Upper Palaeo-lithic and Epi-Paleolithic. In Southeastern Mediterranean Peoples between 130,000 and 10,000 years ago, ed. Garcea, E.A.A.. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 144–67.Google Scholar
Bar-Yosef, O. & Phillips, J.L. 1977. Prehistoric Investigations in Gebel Maghara, Northern Sinai, Qedem 7. Jerusalem: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute of Archaeology.Google Scholar
Barzilai, O., Ayalon, A., Bar-Matthews, M. et al. 2012. Manot Cave: A prehistoric cave site in the western Galilee. Hadashot Arkeo-logiot 124. www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?id=2183&mag_id=119Google Scholar
Barzilai, O., Marder, O. & Hershkovitz, I. 2014. Manot Cave, seasons 2011–2012. Hadashot Arkeologiot 126. www.hadashot-esi.org.il/Report_Detail_Eng.aspx?id=6470&mag_id=121Google Scholar
Barzilai, O., Hershkovitz, I. & Marder, O. 2016. The early Upper Paleolithic period at Manot Cave, western Galilee, Israel. Journal of Human Evolution 31: 85100.Google Scholar
Belfer-Cohen, A. 1980. The Aurignacian at Hayonim Cave. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Belfer-Cohen, A. & Bar-Yosef, O. 1981. The Aurignacian in Hayonim Cave. Paléorient 7: 1942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belfer-Cohen, A. & Goring-Morris, A.N. 2007. From the beginning: Levantine Upper Palaeolithic cultural continuity. In Rethinking the Human Revolution, ed. Mellars, P., Boyle, K., Bar-Yosef, O. & Stringer, C.B.. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, pp. 199206.Google Scholar
Belfer-Cohen, A. & Goring-Morris, A.N. 2014. The Upper Palaeolithic and Earlier Epi-palaeolithic of Western Asia (ca. 50–14.5 k cal BP). In The Cambridge World Prehistory, vol. 3, ed. Renfrew, A.C. & Bahn, B.G.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1381–407.Google Scholar
Belfer-Cohen, A., Davidzon, A., Goring-Morris, A.N., Lieberman, D. & Spears, M. 2004. Nahal Ein Gev I: A Late Upper Palaeolithic site by the Sea of Galilee, Israel. Paléorient 30: 2546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, S.J.M. 1974. Incised bones from the Mousterian of Kebara Cave (Mount Carmel) and the Aurignacian of Hayonim Cave (western Galilee), Israel. Paléorient 2: 81182.Google Scholar
Hershkovitz, I., Marder, O., Ayalon, A. et al. 2015. Levantine cranium from Manot Cave (Israel) foreshadows the first European modern humans. Nature 520: 216–9.Google Scholar
Kadowaki, S. 2013. Issues of chronological and geographical distributions of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic cultural variability in the Le-vant and implications for the learning behavior of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. In Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 1: Cultural Perspectives, eds. Akazawa, T., Nishiaki, Y. & Aoki, K., Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans Series. Tokyo: Springer, pp. 5991.Google Scholar
Kuhn, S.L., Belfer-Cohen, A., Barzilai, O. et al. 2004. The Last Glacial Maximum at Meged rockshelter, Upper Galilee, Israel. Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society – Mitekufat Haeven 34: 547Google Scholar
Kuhn, S.L., Stiner, M.C., Güleç, A. et al. 2009. The Early Upper Palaeolithic occupations at Üçağızlı Cave (Hatay, Turkey). Journal of Human Evolution 56: 87113.Google Scholar
Marder, O., Yeshurun, R., Lupu, R. et al. 2011. Mammal remains at Rantis Cave, Israel, and middle–late Pleistocene human subsistence and ecology in the southern Levant. Journal of Quaternary Science 26: 769–80.Google Scholar
Marder, O., Alex, B., Ayalon, A. et al. 2013a. The Upper Palaeolithic of Manot Cave, Western Galilee, Israel: The 2011–12 excavations. Antiquity 337. http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/marder337/Google Scholar
Marder, O., Hershkovitz, I., Barzilai, O. & Frumkin, O. 2013b. Karst and prehistory at the Western Galilee emphasis on Manot Cave. In The Israel Geological Society Annual Conference, ed. Shtober-Zisu, N. Israel Geological Society, 2836 [Hebrew].Google Scholar
Ohnuma, K. 1988. Ksar ‘Akil, Lebanon. A Technological Study of the Earl-ier Upper Palaeolithic Levels of Ksar ‘Akil, vol. III. Levels XXV-XIV. BAR International Series 426. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.Google Scholar
Tejero, J.-M. 2013. La explotación de las óseas el la Aurinaciense. Caracterización tecnoeconómica de las productiones del Paleolítico superior inicial en la Península Ibérica. BAR International Series 2469. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Tejero, J.-M., Yeshurun, R., Barzilai, O. et al. 2016. The osseous industry from Manot Cave (Western Galilee, Israel): Technological and conceptual behaviours of bone and antler exploitation in the Levantine Early Upper Palaeolithic. Quaternary International.Google Scholar
Ullman, M. 2014. Levantine Cave Dwellers: Site Selection Patterns of Middle Paleolithic Hominins: A Case Study from Nahal Amud, Northern Israel. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Vaks, A., Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, A. et al. 2006. Paleoclimate and location of the border between Mediterranean climate region and the Saharo-Arabian Desert as revealed by speleothems from the northern Negev Desert, Israel. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 249: 384–99.Google Scholar
Williams, J.K. & Bergman, C. 2010. Upper Paleolithic Levels XIII–VI (A and B) from the 1937–1938 and 1947–1948 Boston College Excavations and the ‘Levantine Aurignacian’ at Ksar Akil, Lebanon. Paléorient 36: 117–61.Google Scholar
Yas'ur, G. 2013. The Chronology of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic in the Western Galilee Based on U–Th ages of speleothems from Manot Cave, Israel. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Yeshurun, R. 2013. Middle Paleolithic prey-choice inferred from a natur-al pitfall trap: Rantis Cave, Israel. In Zooarchaeology and Modern Human Origins: Human Hunting Behavior during the Later Pleistocene, ed. Clark, J.L. & Speth, J.D., Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series. New York: Springer, pp. 4558.Google Scholar
Yeshurun, R., Schneller-Pels, N., Weissbrod, L. et al. 2013. Humans and carnivores in the Upper Paleolithic of Manot Cave, Western Galilee, Israel: Preliminary zooarchaeological results. Poster presented at the 11th ASWA meeting, Haifa.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×