The countability index, C(S), of a semigroup S is the smallest integer n, if it exists, such that every countable subset of S is contained in a subsemigroup with n generators. If no such integer exists, define C(S) = ∞. The density index, D(S), of a topological semigroup S is the smallest integer n, if it exists, such that S contains a dense subsemigroup with n generators. If no such integer exists, define D(S) = ∞. S(X) is the topological semigroup of all continuous selfmaps of the locally compact Hausdorff space X where S(X) is given the compact-open topology. Various results are obtained about C(S(X)) and D(S(X)). For example, if X consists of a finite number (< 1) of components, each of which is a compact N-dimensional subspace of Euclidean Nspace and has the internal extension property and X is not the two point discrete space. Then C(S(X)) exceeds two but is finite. There are additional results for C(S(X)) and similar results for D(S(X)).

In the quotient ring of differential polynomials modulo cubic terms the usual odd order hierarchy of Korteweg–de Vries equations can be supplemented by an even order hierarchy. The full (even and odd) sequence is generated by an Olver recursion operator of order one and any pair has zero bracket in the quotient ring. The even order equations do not possess a Hamiltonian structure and thus their related Rosencrans densities are considered.

In this paper conditions are given that imply that a convolution operator has the same spectrum on all of the spaces Lp(G), 1≦p≦∞.